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PY. pera. 


LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 


PRINCETON, N. J. 


re ke 
CES" 
Divr0sion. 


~ AA. 
Section.» (2 At 














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The Perfect Gatendar 


for EVERY YEAR of the CHRISTIAN ERA 


Designed for Practical 
Every-day Use 


PATENTED SEPTEMBER 1srT, 1891 


BY \/ 
HENRY FITCH 


With a Chronological Record of Important Events in the History of 
the World from B.C. roooo to 1926 A. D. 


REVISED EDITION 


Lp 
ay 
© NS eo 


FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY 
NEW YORK AND LONDON 
1926 





CoryriGHT 1891 By 
FUNK & WAGNALLS. 


CopyriGHT 1926 BY 
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY. 
Printed in the United States of America. 
All Rights Reserved. 


Published, March, 1926 


Copyright under the Article of the Copyright Convention of the Pan-American 
Republics and the United States, August 11, 1910. 


DEDICATED 
TO MY 
FATHER AND MOTHER, 
WHO TAUGHT ME 
TO LOVE, SPEAK, AND SEEK THE TRUTH. 
AND WHOM 


I DELIGHT TO HONOR. 


CONTENTS 


PREFACE, . , 7 ; 4 : ; 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND EXAMPLES, . 
EXPLANATORY NOTES, : { ; ; 

SPECIAL CALENDAR FoR 1582, . 

SPECIAL CALENDAR FOR 1752, . 

CALENDARS “‘Al”’ To “‘A7’”’ INCLUSIVE, 

INDEX OF YEARS BY CENTURIES, 

CALENDARS ‘‘B1”’ To “‘B7’’ INCLUSIVE, 

A BrieF HISTORY OF THE CALENDAR, . 2 : ‘ 


IMPORTANT EVENTs, . . : : : ; ; ; 


PREFACE. 


THis PERPETUAL CALENDAR has been preceded by a variety of 
perpetual calendars which have, unfortunately, been unable to work 
their way into general use. It is believed that this calendar has merits 
which will save it from a similar fate. Be that as it may, it will not 
detract from whatever accuracy or value other calendars may have to 
contrast the simplicity and practical features of this with the lack of 
such qualities in them—dqualities that are essential to a popular and 
successful calendar. 

That form of annual calendar has been adopted which long usage 
has rendered most popular. In other calendars the use of unusual 
or distorted forms has been imperative: in one case the days of the 
month are in an extended row or column, like a tape-measure; in another 
case a single monthly block of 31 days is made to do duty for all the 
months and years by having a shifting list of week-days above it. The 
liability to error arising from the manipulation and adjustment of me- 
chanical devices is avoided in this calendar because it has no wheels, 
sectors, pointers, or sliding-slips to consume time and tax patience. In 
brief, it consists of but 14 different annual calendars—all there is in either 
the Julian or in the Gregorian System—and an index including every 
year of the Christian Era, referring to the proper calendar for any year 
desired. How could it be more simpleor better adapted to practical use? 

It commends itself to the commercial world because its accuracy 
is so evident or so easily proven, and because it is convenient to use 
it for daily reference to the current year, and equally so for dates in 
years recently past or soon to come, there being in no event a puzzling 
tule for busy brains to worry over. Altho intended primarily for 
commercial use and for modern dates, it will be found of special value 
to students of profane and sacred history. 


DIRECTIONS FOR USE. 


OpposiTE each year [see Index on pages 18, 19] will be found one 
of the following series of symbols: 


Atl; A2, A3,),A4;.A5, -AOj;,A7;, Bl) B2)B3, Bay Bs, po Gsmees 


which symbol indicates, in each case, that the Calendar having the 
same symbol at its top [see Calendars, pages 11-17 and 20-26] is the 
correct calendar for that year. 

The numeral or figure of the symbol, in each instance, corresponds 
to the day of the week on which the year begins. Figure 1 stands 
for Sunday, 2 for Monday, and so on through the week. The letter 
A is used to indicate ordinary years, and the letter B to indicate leap- 
years Every year must be either an ordinary year or a leap-year, 
and must begin on some one of the seven days of the week; hence 
some one of the seven ordinary year calendars, or the seven leap-year 
calendars herein provided, will be the correct calendar for any year 
that may be selected from the entire range of the Christian Era. 

In the Index the years are shown complete from the beginning of 
the 12th century to the end of the 20th century, and earlier and later 
centuries are indicated in the headings. It will be well for those who 
are not well acquainted with the fact to notice that only the last year 
in each century gives the number of the century by omitting the last 
two figures, and that in all other cases, by cutting off the last two figures 
of any year, the remaining figures are one less than the number of the 
century to which it belongs. Thus if a date in the year A.D. 857 is 


wanted, being in the 9th century, it will be found the same as tho it 


were in A.D. 1557, for which calendar ‘‘A6”’ is indicated. 


EXAMPLES 
Siege of Jerusalem ended, July 13, a.p. 70................ A2, Friday. 
JohnehHuss executed; Julys7,; 14152) pees ee ee . .A3, Sunday 
Shakespeare: born, Aprili23,;1564.6. .. 524... ee B7, Sunday 

INAUGURAL CEREMONIES OcCURRED AS FOLLOows: 

George Washingstons. sick. eo tone April 30, 1789, A5, Thursday. 
John Adamata a iictgens 4:22 see March 4, 1797, Al, Saturday. 
‘Lhomas | Jefferson.¢c7e,2.)2. + 3s tee March 4, 1801, A5, Wednesday. 
James'Madison.), 23th .tac ee eee March 4, 1809, Al, Saturday. 
James Monroe... ay.vean poe. cone March 4, 1817, A4, Tuesday. 
John Quincy Adamsezo. : «3 jae March 4, 1825, A7, Friday. 
Andrew. Jackson. 722. wc. ss on eee March 4, 1829, A5, Wednesday. 
Martin: Van" Buren eur. see os ee ee March 4, 1837, Ai, Saturday. 


William Henry Harrison.............March 
Moree VICTORS as ot eR Eee ant a oe April 

BRIE TOK 1 OLR fi ture saek cho oer lh March 
eeu ay CPAVIOL sn oc set ine Sie. hie ease March 
Pee PUNINOTe te hale tie se leene 4 July 

Beasicn Prerces |,” & Mvdmeete se ccaists wh March 
Bares UCKANAIIHY. chy. sie ose. March 
islejlatshaats WiiYealiny, acs. oe See ree March 
Pere) | ONUSOM ama er ke se ake se 5 2 April 

Be Perce Syn Ca Tat ieee eo erate a so x. s).44 March 
PR AVURCIAOUC Ea PeEA AVES oct io ceca so ale 50 one March 
Metres ms UTAPACI a Li cshecets sis ss March 


Coes tree T LU dais, «ie. dus to Wow wm, o's \a/'e° 0s Sept. 


Grover wlcveiandal. .%s..6).56...... March 
Benjamin Harrison...........:..... March 
Gvetmoleveland so 05 6..e are. 2». > March 
Mv MARC PIVUCISITCY cca, goalies «la see oot’ March 
TP eOVIOP AT OOSEVELES. os a. cate c's olson March 
NUL Dev iy 00 Da 0 be March 
MVICHITOW VV LLSOITG cle sou tareio ave cueiieh essen’ March 
Warren TIATCING ost niy ot Se ers «X's March 

fp RO RN SE Oe March 


Calvin Coolidge 


4, 1841, A6, Thursday. 
6, 1841, A6, Tuesday. 

4, 1845, A4, Tuesday. 

5, 1849, A2, Monday. 

9, 1850, A3, Tuesday. 

4, 1853, A7, Friday. 

4, 1857, A5, Wednesday. 
4, 1861, A3, Monday. 
15, 1865, Al, Saturday. 
4, 1869, A6, Thursday. 
5, 1877, A2, Monday. 

4, 1881, A7, Friday 
20, 1881, A7, Tuesday. 

4, 1885, A5, Wednesday. 
4, 1889, A3, Monday. 

4, 1893, Al, Saturday. 
4, 1897, A6, Thursday. 
4, 1905, Al, Saturday. 
4, 1909, Ao, Thursday. 
4, 1913, A4, Tuesday. 

4, 1921, A7, Friday. 

4, 1925, A5, Wednesday. 


CoRONATION OF ENGLISH KINGS AND QUEENS. 


felony edly 02 O29.1553. 0 he os eos on 
Elizabeth, November 17,0. S., 1558 
Hamesreeniarch 24, ©..9., 1603.0... 0.456% 
Charles I., March 27, O. S., 1625 


James II., February 6, O. S., 1685 


William III, December 28, O. S., 1694 
Anne, March 8, O. S., 1702 
George I., August 1, O. S., 1714 
George II., June 11, O. S., 1727 
George III., October 25, N. S., 1760 
George IV., January 29, N. S., 1820 
William IV., June 26, N. S., 1830 
Victoria June 20, N.S., 1837 
Edward VII, August 9, N.S., 1902 
George V., June 22, N.S., 1911 


eee ee eo @ 


oroeweaeee 


CO URN Lu a ben Bary, Ct 
oe eee eee 
eosceeee eee 


oe es se eo oe @ © 


Parliamentary Executive, January 30, O.S., 1649 
Cromwell, Procl. Lord Protector, Dec. 16,O.S., 
Charles II. enters London, May 29, O.S., 1660 
William and Mary, February 13, O. S., 1689. 


os * eee eo * 


Ai, Thursday. 
A7, Thursday. 
A7, Thursday. 
A7, Sunday. 
A2, Tuesday. 


1653000 N/a riday. 
Bi, Tuesday. 
AS, Friday. 
A3, Wednesday. 
A2, Friday. 
A5, Sunday. 
A6, Sunday. 
A1, Sunday. 
B3, Saturday. 
B7, Tuesday. 
A6, Saturday. 
A1, Tuesday. 
A4, Friday. 


> eee ee eve 


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eocoe eee 6 @ 


oe eo eo @ @ © © 


oeoev ep ee @ @ 


PRA si aeeet urea ys 


EXPLANATORY NOTES. 


THE calendar from the year 45 B.c., to October 4, a.p. 1582, is 
known as the Old Style or Julian Calendar, and from then as the New 
Style or Gregorian Calendar. ‘The Index exhibits both styles up to the 
year 1800 because the Old Style did not fall into entire disuse until about 
that time. 

To avoid confusion of symbols, those for the Old Style are printed 
in red, and the New Style in black. The order of the calendars required 
for every seventh century of the Old Style, and for every fourth century 
of the New Style, is the same, as reference to the columns of the Index 
will show. Asa check against the use of a wrong calendar for the more 
modern dates, there have been placed on the outside margin of each 
calendar all the years of the 19th and 20th centuries, for which that 
calendar is correct. 

Ordinary or common years contain 52 full weeks and 1 day over, 
so that all such years begin and end on the same day of the week. Leap- 
years end on the day of the week succeeding the day on which they begin. 
Any year following an ordinary year will therefore begin one day later 
in the week, and the year next after a leap-year will begin two days 
later in the week. The Julian Calendar reckons those years that are 
divisible by 4 without a remainder asleap-years. ‘The Gregorian Calen- 
dar does the same with all years except centennial years, where the rule 
is to make leap-years of such as are divisible by 400 without a remainder, 
and to rekon all other centennial years as ordinary years. 

Bearing these facts in mind, and beginning at the current years, the 
accuracy of the entire Index on pages 22 and 23, and on margin of page 
13, can be verified in a few hours’ time. In doing so, notice that each 
leap-year recurs in cycles of 28 years within each century, and ordinary 
years recur in a series of years that may be represented thus: 


6, U1 ide0; 11, TG ales iG; 1 eee 


Any three consecutive terms of this series make up a cycle known as the 
Solar Cycle. The Index and Calendars are free from errors. Their 
verification is urged because the subsequent use of the Calendar will be 
attended with the greatest confidence. 

8 


Old Style to Oct. 4. 


Mo. 


JANUARY. 
Tu. | We. | Th. 


223 

10 
16 7 
23 | 24 
30 } 31 


FEBRUARY. 


1 


G7 

13 | 14 | 15 
Daten sls22 
BheaZo. | 


NTPs he 
Diet 84) st9 
24 | 25 | 26 


MAY. 


ae: |> 3 
8} 9 /}'10 
15 | 16 | 17 
Deited| 24 
29..|.30 | 31 
JUNE. 

: “4 : 
b2) |, 135/48 


19 | 20 | 21 
26 a 28 


1582. New Style from Oct. 15. 


JULY. 


: P Tae Wet Th. ; 2 


3/34) 5 
TOAD E702 
Lee | woe [a9 
24 | 25 | 26 
31 


AUGUST. 


oy seks oH i cee 
POE S| 009 
14 | 15 | 16 
216) 2251123 
28 | 29 | 30 


SEPTEMBER. 


Ao 6 
12 as 
18 | 19 | 20 
Zo 2Ont Ly 


OCTOBER. 


2(|°3-| 44 
195/420;1 25 
201327 1828 


NOVEMBER. 


ZU art ee 
9 1:10 | 11 
16 | 17 | 18 
23 | 24 | 25 
30 


DECEMBER. 


ee | the ead 
(Pate Ss, 
14 | 15 | 16 
21 e222 ed 
28 | 29 | 30 





Old Style to Sept. 2. 


JANUARY. 


FEBRUARY. 


nae or 
x}. 6 
1a a Be! A op 
18 | 19 | 20 
25: 26 B27 


MARCH. 


rea ie 3 
104d ta 
iy ae Pt Re Se al 8 
24 | 25 | 26 
eH Ep toa el * 


14 | 15 | 16 
23 We eed 
28 | 29: | 30 


MAY. 


Bib nee 
1217133) 14 
19.1520) 21 
26: |927.4\ 28 
Heya rales ° 
JUNE. 


2 jas 2°4 
9,10, 11 
16 | 17 | 18 
23. | 24 | 25 
30 


1752. New Style from Sept. 14. 


Mo. 


3] 4 
10 | 11 
17 | 18 
24 | 25 
“ae 


JULY. 


Tu. | We. | Th. | Fr. 


22 
29 
AUGUST. 
tgs - 
cg ae ee 


18 | 19 | 20 
29) 20 lene 


SEPTEMBER. 


a ee Aaa 
LO 20M a, 
26 | 27 | 28 


OCTOBER. 


16 
23 
30 
DECEMBER. 
Pale be 
12 | 13 | 14 


19 |.20 | 21 
26 | 27 | 28 





JANUARY. 


FEBRUARY. 


Saad hy, tag Rr 
Pago 
14 lo 16 
Ot nize. 4 23 
28 


MARCH. 


pet eit al 
latest 9 
P4e)6151) 16 
TAR AAR te ides 
28 | 29 | 30 


APRIL. 


4/ 5 
1 haa bo 
Sok | Peg 
ZontezO 


MAY. 


2AtSS 
9} 10 
16 | 17 
23 | 24 
30 |, 31 
JUNE. 
tlie 5 
13 | 14 


ALA 
Beals 


AUGUST. 


LG PAN as 
Seen Ia 10 
FOROS sae 
LDAP G el ANS 
29 | 30} 31 


SEPTEMBER. 


3 
12 
19 
26 


OCTOBER. 


SAS 
LOPE Eaie 
17 | 18 | 19 
Z4-)°25) 1-26 
a De | 


NOVEMBER. 


Da aie bee 2 
fal S| 9 
14 | 15 | 16 
IA AEP BPRS, 
28 | 29 | 30 
DECEMBER. 
alae 
me OLS nh 


19 | 20 | 21 
2051.27 1.28 





Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1809 
1815 
1826 
1837 
1843 
1854 
1865 
1871 
1882 
1893 
1899 


1905 
1911 
1922 
1933 
1939 
1950 
1961 
1967 
1978 
1989 
1995 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1810 | 


1821 
1827 
1838 
1849 
1855 
1866 
1877 
1883 
1894 
1900 


1906 
1917 
1923 
1934 
1945 
1951 
1962 
1973 
1979 
1990 


| a ny Ce ed 


17 
24 


18 
25 


JANUARY. 


FEBRUARY. 


Sail iret ee 
65) A eS 
13/1 JATATS 
20 Katee? 
ino wane 


MARCH. 


A2. 





Se EEE eee 


3] 4] 5 
TONGDLT eee 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 
$1 jee ee 


AUGUST. 


ue 1 Paz 
(OU tare Oe 
14 | 15 | 16 
214), 22-4/ 23 
284429 [130 


SEPTEMBER. 


Sele oe] ae 
By ag a hee ab 
Lo LO aes 
20) AZONeoe 


OCTOBER. 


Ziti aie 
910 ede 
ATCT aa a ea Es 
23° | 24.925 
30 | 31 


NOVEMBER. 


ee ea 
6) ais 
13 | 14 | 15 
20+): 21a) 22 
27 | 28 | 29 
DECEMBER. 
“aimee 
1 OA TS Be 


19 | 20 
26 | 27 


a] hae 


—————<——. |§ —— —————_ ] | —— | ——— | —____ | —__ | 


. . ° 
—— -_————___. ————_— 


21 
28 


10 


24 


O_O a | 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


FEBRUARY. AUGUST. 


1 1805 
5 6 7 6 7. 1811 
Iai seiel4 1354} 1822 
LRP aha ea | CAO an pan Re Brea, 1833 
ee ie Oat PAE Poiana Be Pia 2851929 1839 
ee RPA PE Cater heer tne 1850 
MARCH. SEPTEMBER. 1861 
ig A 5 1867 

10s Lay et 2 4 | 1878 
LS 19 1889 
24 | 25 | 26 1895 

Re ke ORT iar Coe ea 
OCTOBER. | 1907 
1918 
Fi atiey 1920 
15 | 16 | 17 1935 
22 yh 23 \ aad, | 1946 
AI NIST ES 1S Lat das 1957 
fe wh = 1963 

NOVEMBER. 1974 

1985 _ . 

1991 - 


On OME <i 
12 | 13 | 14 
LOU eZOF 2k 
26 | 27 | 28 


DECEMBER. 


Sales ead 
LOM CET 12 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 
Oly pews tie 





13 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1806 
1817 
1823 
1834 
1845 
1851 
1862 
1873 
1879 
1890 


1902 
1913 
1919 
1930 
1941 
1947 
1958 
1969 
1975 
1986 
1997 


JANUARY. 


FEBRUARY. 


AS al iO 
1 ed Ee a 
13741195120 
25) 2027 


MARCH. 
3 3 
UE 2 Fat 
18 | 19 | 20 


25 ie20 tees 


APRIL. 


Lai 
SH O10 
15:4.16 |*17 
SIA ATM fea 
29 | 30 


14 


22 
29 


AUGUST. 


oR i ae! 

| 13 | 14 
13 Ua eA! 
27 


SEPTEMBER, 


22) 038) 4 
O10 PTE 
16} 17 1.18 
230) 24 ees 
30 Tel Pie 


OCTOBER. 


ya 1a he 
TP A8a9 
14 | 15 | 16 
241) 22 ee 
28 | 29 | 30 


NOVEMBER. 
yee 
Ti | 2h iaie 


18 | 19 | 20 
25-) 265 tae 


DECEMBER. 


2} waa 44 
9 PaOn TT 
TO Tout ae 
23 | 24 | 25 
SOS) Aes 





JANUARY. 


FEBRUARY. 


Sid Buk fees 
Ose 1h | 12 
£7 eES C19 
24° | 25 | 26 


MARCH. 


A fo: ae ae 
Oral 12 
19 
26 


15 


16 
23 
30 


AUGUST. 


Aire pO 
1 Cs ABN ta 
dog 20 
250 2021 


SEPTEMBER. 


|B PAS W's 
Say -9-4a10 
15 Gs ALe 
22 | 23 | 24 
295130 


OCTOBER. 


Petes 1 
G2) 17 bees 
PS el 4ielS 
One cde Gee 
27 | 28 | 29 


NOVEMBER. 


Shee SD 
LOR ah 12 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 


DECEMBER. 


Tera 2S 
§| 9) 10 
FO LGR GLE 
2 | Peon ee 
29 | 30 | 31 





Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1801 
1807 
1818 
1829 
1835 
1846 
1857 
1863 
1874 
1885 
1891 


1903 
1914 
1925 
1931 
1942 
1953 
1959 
1970 
1981 
1987 
1998 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1802 
1813 
1819 
1830 
1841 
1847 
1858 
1869 
1875 
1886 
1897 


1909 
1915 
1926 
1937 
1943 
1954 
1965 
1971 
1982 
1993 
1999 


i ff ef fe | J | LL | fl |] |} CL 


18 
25 


JANUARY. 


19 
26 


FEBRUARY. 


Zier SA aA: 
9} 10} 11 
16 | 17 | 18 
259 \ 24 tees 


Oe Pim lie | ate! 
137,147 45 
20°21) 522 
21k. 28s peo 


MAY. 


B41 SS NG 
10g 12) (15 
18} 19 | 20 
25 | 26 | 27 
JUNE. 
Wy eek 
8| 9| 10 
15 | 16 | 17 


22 G2are 24 
29 | 30 


19 
26 


A6. 


AUGUST. 


Fqc2 73) 4 | Seon 


16 


9 


20 
27 


10}. 11-32 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 
31 


13 
20 | 21 
27 | 28 


SEPTEMBER. 


weld 2 Se ee 
(ati. 3 al ne 
16 
20 
30 


OCTOBER. 


5.) > 6) hd 8 
17 ee: 
19.1)20 )|e28 
26 | 27 | 28 


NOVEMBER. 
2134s Se 
9/10 | 11 

16 | 17 | 18 

23 | 24° 425 

30 


DECEMBER. 


:. ff Ib Rie! 33) ieee 
TS Ag 
14 | 15 | 16 
21 22 1623 
28 | 29 | 30 


JANUARY. 


ov Lites Wea 


25 
FEBRUARY. 


Elie Pa 
8} 9| 10 
15 | 16 | 17 
92 | 23 | 24 


26 | 27 | 28 


MAY. 

3) 4| § 
10 | 11 | 12 
Liters. 19 
24 | 25 | 26 
31 


JUNE. 


Bere one bea mee 
Ze 28: (49 
0 ae oe Ao) 
BAS} 22%| 20 
28 | 29 | 30 


17 


AUGUST. 


A ERs 
9} 10 
16-17 
23 | 24 
SOR SL 


SEPTEMBER. 


co Pet 1 
Cade 
1S Be a a 
PANT OPN Soa 
PaCS AS Bilas, 


OCTOBER. 


UO ds sO 
LY phe ek S 
18:| 19 | 20 
25 20.4027 


NOVEMBER. 


ieee oS 
8 | 91) 10 
LS gi Loy 4.7 
LIBAN OE Be ea Fh 
PASC ee 


DECEMBER. 


oid pee eae 
Oates 
13 |- 14:15 
PANE AS F282 
27 | 28 | 29 





Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1803 
1814 
1825 
1831 
1842 
1853 
1859 
1870 
1881 
1887 
1898 


1910 
1921 
1927 
1938 
1949 
1955 
1966 
1977 
1983 
1994 


CENTURIES. 


Ist O.S. 2d 0.S. 


Yr, | Old} Yr. | Old? Yr. | Old) Yr. | Old} Yr. | Old) Yr. . | Old) Yr. | OldjNew 


02/A4; 52/B3 52|B2 

03|A5| 53/A5} 03)A4| 53j/A4] 03/A3| 53/A3} 03)A2 
04/B6} 54/A6} 04/B5) 54)/A5] 04/B4) 54)A4] 04/B3 
O5|A1} 55|A7} O5|A7| SS5|A6} O5|A6} SS5|AS} OSjA5 
06/A2} 56/Bi; O6|A1;} 56|B7]| O06|A7} 56/|B6] 06)A6 
07|A3} 57|A3} O7/A2| 57|A2] O7/A1| 57|A1] O7|A7 
08)/B4; 58/A4} 08/B3} S8/|A3} O8/B2!} S8jA2]} O8/B1 
O9|A6} SOIAS} O9|A5| 5S9|A4) 09/A4| 5S9|A3] 09/A3 


11}A1; 61/A1] 111A7|} 61/A7] 11/A6] 61)A6]) 11j)A5 
12/B2} 62|/A2} 12/B1} 62|A1] 12/B7| 62/A7] 12|B6 
13|A4| 63/A3} 13/A3} 63|A2] 13/A2| 63/A1j] 13)A1 
14)A5| 64/B4] 14/A4/) 64/B3] 14/A3| 64/B2] 14)A2 
15|A6} 65j|A6} 15j]A5) 65j/A5] 15|A4) 65|A4] 15|A3 
16|B7| 66|A7| 16)/B6| 66|A6} 16/B5; 66|A5] 16|B4 
17/A2| 67|A1] 17/|A1| 67/A7| 17|A7| 67|A6] 17|A6 
18/A3]  68/B2] 18|A2} 68/B1i] 18)Ai| 68|B7] 18|A7 
19|A4; 69)A4] 19|A3} 69|A3} 19|A2} 69/A2]} 19/A1 


21|A7| 71/A6} 21/A6} 71j/A5]} 21/A5{ 71/A4] 21}A4 
22|A1| 72|B7| 22|A7| 72/B6} 22|A6} 72/B5} 22/A5 
23|A2} 73|A2] 23)A1] 73/A1] 23/A7| 73/A7] 23|A6 
24/B3| 74/A3] 24/B2| 74/A2] 24)B1) 74)A1] 24/B7 
75|A4] 25|A4| 75j)A3} 25)A3) 75|A2} 25|A2 
76|B5} 26/A5| 76/B4] 26/A4) 76|B3]} 26|A3 
77|A7| 27|A6| 77|A6} 27|A5| 77j|A5} 27\A4 
78\|A1] 28/B7| 78/A7]| 28|B6} 78}|A6} 28)B5 
79|A2} 29|A2| 79|A1] 29)A1| 79|A7] 29|A7 


S1iJA5} 31j/A4; 81/A4} 31jA3| 81jA3} 31/A2 
82|A6} 32/B5| 82/A5] 32/B4| 82/A4} 32/B3 
83|A7| 33/A7| 83/A6} 33/A6| 83/A5} 33/A5 
84|B1} 34)A1| 84/B7] 34|A7| 84|B6] 34|A6 
85|A3} 35|A2| 85)/A2} 35jA1} 85jA1] 35)A7 
86|A4] 36/B3|} 86|A3} 36|B2) 86|A2] 36/B1 
87|A5] 37/|A5| 87/|A4] 37/A4| 87|A3] 37|A3 
88|B6] 38/A6} S88IB5] 38)A5| 88|B4] 38\A4 
89|Ai} 39)A7| 89|A7} 39/A6| 89|A6} 39)A5 


41/A2} 91/Al] 41/Al 
92|/B4} 42|A4 42|A3| 92/B2] 42)A2 
93|A6} 43/A5 43|A4| 93/A4} 43)A3 
94|A7] 44|B6 441B5| 94/A5] 44/B4 
Q5|A1] 45/Al1 45|A7| 95|A6} 45)A6 
96|B2| 46/A2 46|A1} 96|B7} 46)A7 
97|A4] 47/A3 ATIA2| 97|A2] 47|Al 
98|A5} 48/B4 48|B3) 98|A3] 48)B2 
Q9|A6] 49)A6| 99 A49|A5| 99/A4} 49/A4| 99)A3 
1150}A1/1200|B7}1250/A7 |1300}B6]1350]A6 |1400/B5]1450|A5 |1500|B4]1550|/A4/1600|B3|B7 





* See Special Calendar for 1582, page 9. 
18 


CENTURIES. 





3d 0.S. |25th N. S| 4th O. S. | 26th N.S. 












17th. 18th. 









Yr. ; Old |New) Yr. | Old)New] Yr. | Old |New] Yr. | Old|New! Yr. |New] Yr. |Ne“? Yr. |New! Yr. |New 


Cn el ee nn ee ee ee 
a ee ff | 


1601)A5|A2}16511A< 
02|A6/A3} 52/B5/B2} 02|A5/A1} *52/B4/B7] 02/A6} 52/B5 
03|A7|A4| 53/A7/A4| O3/A6/A2} 53/A6|A2] 03/A7| 53/A7 
04/B1/B5; S4/Ai/A5| 04/B7/B3) 5S4/A7/A3] 04/Bi]} 54/A1 
OS|A3|A7| SSIA2|A6] OS/A2/A5} S5S|A1/A4} 05/A3} 55)A2 
06)/A4/A1} 56/B3/B7| 06/A3/A6) 56/B2/B5} 06/A4| 56/B3 
O7|A5|A2} S7IAS|A2] O7|A4/A7| S7/A4/A7} O7/A5) 57/A5 
08/B6/B3 Be 6|A3} O8/B5/B1) S8|A5/A1] 08/B6} 58)A6 
O9/A1)A5 09)A7/A3} S9;A6/A2} O9/A1!} 59/A7 


11)/A3)/A7| 61/A3;A7| 11/A2/A5| 61/A2/A5]} 11/A3} 61/A3 
12)/B4/B1} 62/A4;/A1] 12/B3/B6} 62/A3/A6] 12/B4!| 62}A4 
13/A6|A3} 63/A5|A2] 13/A5/A1} 63/A4/A7] 13;A6} 63/A5 
14)A7|A4| 64/B6|B3] 14)/A6/A2; 64/B5|B1i] 14/A7) 64)/B6 
AI5JA1/A5} 65/A1/A5] 15/A7/A3} 65)A7/A3} 15;/A1} 65/A1 
16/B2|B6} 66/A2/A6] 16/B1\B4} 66/A1/A4] 16/B2} 66/A2 
17|A4/Al] 67/A3/A7] 17/A3/A6] 67/A2/A5} 17/A4| 67/A3 
18/A5|A2} 68/B4/B1] 18/A4/A7| 68/B3/Bo} 18/A5) 68/B4) 18/A3] 68/B2} 
19|A6}/A3) 69/AGj/A3] 19/AS|A1) O69/AS5/A1] 19/A6| 69)A6} 19/A4) 69/A4 
741920|B5/1970/A5 
21/A2|A6} 71JA1/AS} 21/A1/A4) 71/A7/A3} 21/A2) 71/A1} 21/A7| 71/A6 
22|A3|A7| 72|/B2|B6} 22)A2/A5} 72|B1/B4} 22/A3} 72)/B2] 22/A1) 72)B7 
23\|A4|A1} 73/A4j/A1] 23/A3/A6} 73/A3/A6} 23/A4} 73/A4] 23/A2} 73/A2 
24/B5|B2| 74/A5|A2} 24\B4/B7| 74)A4)A7| 24/B5| 74;A5] 24/B3} 74/A3 
25]A7\A4| 75|A6|A3} 25/A6}A2) 75|A5/A1] 25;A7| 75|A6} 25)A5) 75/A4 
26/A1|A5| 76/B7|B4] 26/A7/A3| 76|B6|B2| 26/A1} 76|B7| 26/A6| 76)B5 
27/A2|A6} 77/A2|A6} 27/A1;A4) 77/A1jA4| 27)/A2) 77;/A2] 27|/A7| 77|A7 
28/B3/B7| 78/A3/A7| 28)B2)B5} 78)A2|A5] 28)/B3} 78/A3] 28/B1i] 78)At 
29jAS|A2| 79IA4|AI] 29/A4)A7) 79|A3/A6] 29)A5) 79/A4] 29/A3} 79) A2 


31}A7)A4 31)A6|A2| 81/A6/A2} 31/A7| 81}A7 
32/B1/B5| 82/A1;A5} 32/B7/B3| 82/A7|A3] 32/B1} 82/A1 
33/A3|A7| 83/A2/A6} 33/A2/A5) 83)A1/A4} 33/A3) 83/A2 
34)A4/A1| 84/B3\B7| 34/A3/A6) 84/B2/B5} 34/A4| 84/B3 
35}A5|A2} 85/A5{|A2] 35/A4/A7| 85/A4;A7] 35)A5} 85/A5 
36/B6|B3) 86)A6)A3} 36)/B5)B1) 86/A5/A1} 36/B6} 86/A6} 
37|A1|A5} | 87/A7/A4| 37)/A7/A3| 87|A6/A2] 37/A1| 87|A7 
38)A2|A6} 88/BijB5] 38)A1|/A4| 88/B7|B3) 38/A2} 838/B1 
39/A3|/A7| 89)A3/A7} 39)/A2/A5} 89/A2/A5] 39)A3} 89/A3 


41|A6|A3 ALJAS|A1| 91/A4/A7} 41)A6 
A2|A7|A4| 92/B6|B3} 42|A6|A2) 92/B5|B1] 42/A7| 92/B6 
43)A1|A5| 93/A1;A5} 43/A7/A3} 93/A7/A3] 43)/A1) 93)/A1 
44)B2|B6} 94)A2;)A6} 44)B1i/B4| 94/A1/A4} 44/B2) 94/A2 
AS|IA4|A1} 95/A3/A7] 45/A3/A6} 9S5|/A2;A5]} 45)A4| 95|A3 
46|A5|A2| 96)B4|B1} .46/A4/A7| 96|B3)B6} 46/A5) 96/B4 
AT7|A6|A3} 97|A6|A3] 47/AS|A1} 97|AS|A1] 47|A6) 97/A6 
48\B7|B4| 98|A7\A4| 48/B6|B2) 98)A6|A2} 48/B7; 98)/A7} 48/B5} 98/A5 
AD|A2|A6} 99JA1|AS} 49)A1/A4) 99)A7/A3] 49/A2) 99/A1} 49/A7) 99)A6 
1650}A3|A7|1700/B 2|A6]1750}A2|A5/1800|B1 | A4j1850) A3|} 1900) A2}1950)A1)2000) B7 








































02}A4} 52/B3 
03/A5} 53/A5 
04|B6; 54/A6] 
O5|A1) 55/A7 
06;A2} 56/B1 
07|A3) S7}A3 
08)B4| 58/A4 
09);A6} 59/A5 





































11/Ai} 61/A1 
12/B2} 62)A2 
13}A4) 63/A3 
14/A5} 64|B4 
15]A6} 65|A6 
16|B7| 66)A7 
17|A2} 67|A1 

















































































31/A5} 81/A5 
32|/B6} 82)A6 
33}A1} 83}A7 
34;A2|} 84/B1 
35)A3] 85}A3 
36|B4| 86/A4 
37|A6| 87|A5 
38}A7| 88)B6 
39)A1} 89/Al 


41)A4| 91)A3 
42)A5| 92/B4 
43)A6| 93/A6 
44|B7| 94)A7 
45}A2| 95)A1 
46)A3] 96)B2 
47|A4| 97|/A4 






































































































*See Special Calendar for 1752, page 10. 
19 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1804 
1832 
1860 
1888 


1928 
1956 
1984 


7 
14 
21 
28 


JANUARY. 


ar Tad Wer 1 7Ek: 


SA TS 
10 411 2 
LIN La eLo 
24 | 25 | 26 
31 


FEBRUARY. 


AP La 
Ba hiae 0 Bea 
14 | 15 | 16 
DAY 2eAineo 
JAS, 


MARCH. 


ad bi 1 
Hees 
13 1452S 
ZO PPO Ieee 2 


DINe2S 


APRIL. 


3 |.4 
10 | 11 
17 | 18 
24 | 25 


MAY. 


i WY Be 
Sno 
LOL LG 
ADR, 
29 | 30 
JUNE. 
ellie 
1 WA I 


19 | 20 
26 | 27 


20 


Pay ps Whe 


3 

10 | 11 
17 | 18 
24 | 25 
Jl 


AUGUST. 
14 | 15 | 16 


PA IP AN Ee 
28} 29 | 30 


SEPTEMBER. 


4; 5] 6 
iB a D/A a 
18 | 19 | 20 
20 eka2 Onl ten 


OCTOBER. 


3 
9 | 10 
16 | 17 
23 | 24 
30 | 31 


NOVEMBER. 


DECEMBER. 


ee 
1b lls t3 
18 | 19 | 20 
25 il ZOpd 2 t 








‘ 
Ee 


JANUARY. 


leu. 


9 
16 
23 
30 


FEBRUARY. 


ee tese Al ed 
Grim itis. & 
13 | 14 | 15 
eiileale | oe 

28 | 29 


21 


10 
Lost? 
23 | 24 
30 | 31 


AUGUST. 


Abe 8 | Rape al oa 
Gaia S 
13 | 14} 15 
202d, 22 
AZo 29 


SEPTEMBER. 


SP Ayers 
LOU CL Eek? 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 


OCTOBER. 


pos PAR OG 
See cialO 
io b yet Sad op Wi 
22 | 23 | 24 
29 | 30 |} 31 


NOVEMBER. 
et alee 
12,°) 13°) 14 


EEO ae 
26:1 27 1:98 


DECEMBER. 





Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1816 
1844 
1872 


1912 
1940 
1968 
1996 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1828 
1856 
1884 


1924 
1952 
1980 


JANUARY. 


10 | 11 | 12 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 


22 


22 
29 


AUGUST. 


SSE A! 
12 | 13 | 14 
Be 201 ZL 
26'| 27 |.28 


SEPTEMBER. 


ZiPEGS: |e 34 
OFLU edt 
164.10 rs 
20:4] 2a eS 
SO\ coe ies 


OCTOBER. 


Joh 
71 81+9 
14) | SS eko 
Ot 22) eee 
28 | 29 | 30 


NOVEMBER. 


13 
20 
27 
DECEMBER. 
2) WUSTi eee 
910s eiy 
16% ATs 


23 | 24 | 25 
50,1 54 au 





JANUARY. 


FE.RUARY. 


eS Bre 
Hiuei2:|°43 
18 | 19 | 20 
25 | 26 | 27 


14 | 15 | 16 
Ziwitze | 23 
28 | 29 | 30 


MAY. 


ROCCO er 
12 | 13 | 14 
520421 
200 2h je 2s 
JUNE. 
at De 
9 | 10} 11 
16.4217, 18 
23 | 24 | 25 
BOS... 


23 


AUGUST. 


We 
1 BUN e Wt bs 
ine BEE vA, 
21926) 27 


SEPTEMBER. 


AA be 04 eo gs 
leu. Pat) 
1 SJed fal Koy jee by 
2241 200 124 
29 | 30 


OCTOBER. 


ea iran Fae 
Chee 

1 a 
ZONAL Oo 
21128) | 29 


NOVEMBER. 
Se ate 
POSE el 2 


17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 


DECEMBER. 


8 | 9{ 10 
LS LOM ELE 
22 | 23 | 24 
29 | 30 | 31 





Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1812 
1840 
1868 
1896 


1908 
1936 
1964 
1992 





Correct 
Caiendar 
for 


1824 
1852 
1880 


1920 
1948 
1976 







Sa. 


mf as | fm | en | es nf a | ne | ee | 





3 
10 






18 |.19.| 20 |.21 | 22 | 23 | 24118} 19 | 20 
25 220 27 1°28) 29. 1° 30. 1 tes 260 1-27 |) 2Be hee Ou eee 





FEBRUARY. AUGUST. 


ed ces DW 31] 47S 
| 9 | 10.10 )} (12°) 130) das 89 | 10.) Ti Tas eee 
15 | 16%) 17: | 18 | 19) 20 } 20 seas (2.16) | 217-1: 18) (fOr 20 es 
22) :23° 24) 25) 26 | 27) | OS e221 23.244 25 2G ee 


















31 












SEPTEMBER. 
Lineal 


‘71 8} 9110111112 1431¢5|61 71-8) Ope 
14/15 116/17 |18 119 | 20 | 121 13 | 14] 15 | 16 | 17 | 18° 
















21 | :22 |23 | 24) 25 | 26) 2719 | 20.| 21 )| 225) 23 eee 
128 | 29:|°30 | SLA 26.127 1°28 129") 0s 
| OCTOBER. 












317 4:| 25m 3 Ope 
11 |) 12.) 835) 144 15° 916" | 172 fet) 11) 12 oes eee 
18 {19 | 20 |.21,) 22. |)23:) 24°) 171.18 | 19°) 20° 1°20) aes 

te 26 | 27 | 28 













NOVEMBER. 
Mtl ay A alah Pareetkh Mite Bde a Ye Ras Ss || 
2|-3) 4) 5) 6) PY OPohl 84-9 407 seis eh eee 
9/104 11, \°12 | 13'|.14 | 15 1994) 15 | 16 | Ae Seleiee 
16} 17 |.18 |-19:| 20%) 21: | 22 1421)| 22° | 237), 240 eae ee 
23:| 24 | 25:| 26.) 27 +) 28 | 29-4°28 | 29) | SOc Sele ee 






















DECEMBER. 
ray. feet ny [eat ae 
61.7487) 95110} 11°) 125 | 6) od eB eeeo Lees 
13| 141.15 |.16)).477| 18 | 19 [0412 | 13 | 14 yo SeeeiG. eee 


20} 21 | 22 |.23 |:24 | 25 | 26%) 19) 20% 21. |:22 123) 2a0gs 
ial tu fae | Pai 29 | 30 ay: 











24 


JANUARY. 


12 
19 
26 


FEBRUARY. 


DNS 4: 
SoA Tt 
1617-18 
23 | 24 | 25 


MARCH. 


Vee 2 | 
8 | 91} 10 
jos eK iy 
22 | 23 | 24 
DOM CSO EOL 


. APRIL. 


6| 7 
13 | 14 
20 | 21 
27 | 28 
MAY. 
4.5 
11 | 12 
18 | 19 


25 


59 ae Se 
19 | 20 | 21 
20 Ase 28 


AUGUST. 


2 Les eae 
9} 10 11 
16 | 17 | 18 
7 Ml | ES va Be 
OOM SLE tes. 


SEPTEMBER. 


Pier | a 
6| 7| 8 
13 | 14 | 15 
20 | 21 | 22 
27 | 28 | 29 
OCTOBER. 
a haSi |, 26 
11 | 12 | 13 


Loan 20 
PS PLO 27 


NOVEMBER. 


| Ma re 


15%) 16 
Loa 23 
29 | 30 


DECEMBER. 


AE, 1 
6 

13\/ 14045 
PQs 2 beh oe 
20.1 283) 29 





Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1808 
1836 
1864 
1892 


1904 
1932 
1960 
1988 


Correct 
Calendar 
for 


1820 
1848 
1876 


1916 
1944 
1972 
2000 


JANUARY. 


25 


FEBRUARY. 


1 Pa a0) Ls, 
Se) soe nO 
LoMelOuery 
22 | 23 | 24 


26 


AUGUST. 


IEA DPSS bes 
8 | 91.10 
15-) 167) )4¥ 
PRIA OAS BA! 
29 | 30-| 31 


SEPTEMBER. 
Pile? 
13 | 14 


20 Mexe 
27 | 28 


OCTOBER. 


3.1 ly ead 
LOM A112 
17 | 18 | 19 
24 | 25 | 26 
He Bes dood BE 


NOVEMBER. 


Rae 
TGR geo 
14. | 15 | 16 
21 | 22 | 23 
28 | 29 | 30 
DECEMBER. 
eels 
12 | 13 | 14 


19 | 20 | 21 
26 {20-1528 





A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CALENDAR. 


To devise a calendar adapted to the needs of mankind in all ages, is 
not an easy task. It must contain the day, the month, and the year 
which are natural divisions measured by alternating light and darkness, 
by the waxing and waning of the moon, and by the recurring seasons. 
The difficulty of harmonizing these elements is at once apparent when it 
is considered that the number of days in a month or year, or of months 
_ in a year, in each case includes a fraction. 

The sidereal day or time of a complete rotation of the earth on its 
axis, as measured by the apparent passage of the fixed stars, is a constant 
period, and subject to no changes that man can discover. It is 3 minutes 
and 55.909435 seconds shorter than the mean or average solar days, so 
that it would not do for a standard day because its beginning would, in 
the course of the year, have occupied every hour of the natural day. 

The solar day is measured by the apparent passage of the sun from 
the meridian of one day to the meridian of the next. The duration of 
this day is affected by the elliptical orbit of the earth, the inclina- 
tion of its axis, and the perturbations of the planets. Tho subject to 
fluctuations from these causes, observation has determined that from 
year to year a constant average of length is maintained. This average 
or mean solar day has been adopted as the unit or standard of astrono- 
mical and civil time, and is arbitrarily divided into 24 hours and sub- 
divided into minutes and seconds. Observation has shown that the 
noon or meridian of a natural or solar day may occur 14% minutes 
sooner, or 16% minutes later than mid-day of mean solar or common 
clock-time. 

The solar year is also subject to slight changes caused by the attrac- 
tion of other planets, hence the mean solar year has been adopted as a 
standard to which the calendar must conform as nearly as possible. Its 
length has been found to be 365.24224 days, which being fractional 
requires the addition of a day from time to time to the year of 365 days 
to keep the seasons in the same portion of the calendar. 


27 


Our present calendar is a growth, which may be traced back to 
738 B.c., when Romulus introduced the Roman calendar, in which the 
year comprised 304 days, divided into 10 months, described as follows: 
March, the first month, was named in honor of Mars, the god of war. 
The name of the second month, April, was derived from aperire, to open, 
as the month in which the earth opened for new fruit. May, the third 
month, was so called in honor of Maia, the goddess of spring; while June 
the fourth month, was sacred to Juno, the goddess of marriages. Quin- 
tilis was then the fifth month, Sextilis the sixth, our September the 
seventh, October the eighth, November the ninth, and December the 
tenth. During the reign of Julius Cesar, Quintilis was changed to July 
at the suggestion of Mark Antony, and subsequently Cesar Augustus, 
not to be outdone by Julius, gave the place of Sextilis to August. But 
this year of 304 days did not agree with the solar year of 365 days or the 
lunar year of 354 days, nor did it recur at any fixed season. In 713 B.c. 
to correct this error, Numa Pompilius added two months, January and 
February, to the year, fixing its beginning at the winter solstice. This 
made the year consist of 354 days, or 12 lunar months, to which an addi- 
tional one was added every two or three years. As Numa’s calendar 
was not based on a knowledge of the true length of the year, the error 
arising from it accumulated as the years went by and began to confuse 
the seasons. In Julius Cesar’s time, Spring came about the first of — 
January. 

This confusion led to the reformation of the calendar by Cesar in 
the year 46 B.c. Sosigenes, an Alexandrian astronomer and mathe- 
matician, was sent for, who made calculations showing there was a 
discrepancy of about 80 days in the old reckoning. Cesar then decreed 
that the year 46 B.c. should have 445 days, and that the year 45 B.c. 
should commence on the first day of the new moon following the winter 
solstice, which date was to be the first day of January. The year 46 B.c. 


with its 445 days was well named ‘“‘the year of confusion.” In the - 


Julian Calendar thus established, each fourth year was known as a 
leap-year or bissextile, because instead of adding an extra day to Febru- 
ary, as we do now, the 6th of March was duplicated. 

The error in the Julian Calendar is [365.25-365.24224] .00776 of a 
day per year, and in 129 years it would amount to 1 day. In 1582 the 
error from this and other causes amounted to 10 days. Pope Gregory 
XIII. undertook to rectify the error. After consulting with ecclesiastics, 
princes, and mathematicians, the plan finally adopted was that proposed 
by the astronomer Luilius, and in accordance therewith a brief was issued 
decreeing that after October 4th, 1582, 10 days should be omitted, so 
that the next day should be the 15th instead of the 5th. The special 


28 


calendar on page 9 shows this change clearly. The Old Style dates are 
printed in red, and the New Style in black. 

The New Style was not approved by Protestant nations for a time. 
So much confusion resulted from the adherence to the Old Style in com- 
mercial affairs, that by degrees the popular prejudice against the change 
was overcome, until even in conservative England it was adopted by 
Act of Parliament. The change provided for by this Act is shown in 
the special calendar for 1752, which will be found on page 10. By the 
terms of the Act what would have been September 3 was to be known 
as September 14. England dropped 11 days instead of 10, as Gregory 
had done in 1582, because in the 170 years intervening the error of the 
Old Style had amounted to one full day or more. Until October 1, 1923, 
the only Christian country that had not adopted the New Style was 
Russia. In writing to or from that empire it was customary to use a 
dual system of dating, placing the Old Style over the New Style, thus: 


December 25, 1890 a February 10, 1891 
January 6, 1891 February 22, 1891 


as the case may have been. It will be noticed that the difference between 
these dates is 12 days, or 2 days more than the Gregorian correction in 
1582. February in 1700 and 1800 having 29 days by the Old Style and 
but 28 days by the New Style, accounted for the difference. After 
February, 1900, the difference in this double system of dating was 13 days. 

_ The Gregorian Calendar provides for 97 leap years in each 400, 
which makes the length of its average year 365.2425 days. This is 
.00026 of a day in excess of the mean solar year [365.24224]. It will 
require about 3846 years to elapse from a. pb’ 1582 before this error 
amounts to one day. As that would be in a. D. 5428, it is a question 
for future ages to decide whether a. p. 4000 or a. pv. 5000 should have 
but 28 days in its February. 


IMPORTANT EVENTS. 


B.C; 
Era of Cultivation of the Soil..... 10000 
Eastern Civilization centered at 
NiIpputr kites sets sree ec able an 6000 
The first Pharoah (Menes) ruling in 
FUP YDieine sears & 0 siete. ewibane S,sceurs 5000 
Construction of the Great Pyramid 
at Gizeh, near Cairo, Egypt, fixed 
variously at from 4235 B.c. to 
2450 B.c | 


Goidel invasion of British Isles. ... 4000 : 


Sargon I. ruling in Mesopotamia... 2750 
Beginnings of Chinese History.... 2500 
First Babylonian Empire (Hammu- 


Shepherd Kings conquer Egypt... 2084 
Abraham leader of Semitic peoples. 1900 


Shepherd Kings abandon Egypt... 1825 
First Chinese Writings........... 1750 
Glass known in Egypt...... before 1740 


Sesostris or Rameses King of Egypt 1722 
DNS XOduS Is? Ack pte eee 1615 
Pan-Athenian games instituted... 1606 
Scamander founds kingdom of Troy 1546 


Cormth! built 237) seine tee pen i520 
Thebes built by Cadmus......... 1493 
First Olympic games. ............ 1453 
Fabrics woven .caces «orcs. ene ee 1451 
Hittites captured Nineveh........ 1450 
Moses leader of Semitic peoples... 1300 
Tyre built by Phcenicians........ 1252 
TrojanuWarbevins ys... &.. se, 1193 
Troy clestroyed ape cun es ee oe 1183 
Saul anointed King.............. 1119 
Compass discovered............. 1111 
Babylon captured by Tiglath Pi- 

lesen ire eee wee ee 1100 
Accession of .Davidiie..0. 0. scans 1079 
David takes Jerusalem........... 1048 
Accession of Solomon............ 1039 
Solomon’s Temple dedicated...... 1028 
Lydians coined money.......about 1000 
Accession of Rehoboam.......... 999 
Phoenician Alphabet in use ...... 900 
Homeric poems in circulation..... 900 
Carthage founded’. 2 i Puceer st 878 
Ethiopian Conquest of Egypt..... 790 
Olympic Era*bezan::o.4)) 4.0. os 776 
Rome founded" 5) caw iacete eee 755 
Accession of Nabonassar—Baby- 

lonian Empire...... February 26, 747 
Ten Tribes put in captivity....... 721 


B.C. 

Byzantium founded...........+e. 658 
Greek colonization of Cyrene..... 650 
Seventy years’ Captivity of Judah a 

begins. :i08s 2s. eee eee 606 
Geometry and Mapsintroduced... 605 
Sappho, Greek Poetess, flourished. 600 
Captivity of the Jewsin Babylon... 590 
Nebuchadnezzar takes Jerusalem— 

Temple burned’, .s.2. oy .aee eee 586 
Money coined at Rome.......... 576 
Death of Solon.) .. 4:,': acct een en 558 


* Confucius, Chinese Philosopher 551-479 


Fall of Babylon?\.< ..,.%..7) eee 538 
Restoration of the Jews under Cyrus 536 


Cyrus soleruler Persian Empire... 536 
Jerusalem rebuilt by Ezra........ 530 
Babylon captured by Cyrus...... 529 
Hanno sailed from Carthage to 
Senegal ois) 2. oaks a ae eee 520 
Dedication Second Temple....... 515 
Expulsion of Tarquinsfrom Rome. 509 
Brython invasion of Britain...... 500 
Death of Pythagoras. ... oT. eee aoe 
Battle of Marathon..72. gin eae 490 
Persians crossed the Hellespont... 490 
Death of Miltiades. .../...2.mae 488 
Death of Buddita.y.cis. .. eee 487 


Battles of Thermopyle and Salamis 480 
Xerxes defeated Greeks at Thermo- 


DYE. olcsp ot oo eee eiee od ee 480 
Battle of Plateea..., /a/3eu. eee 479 
Death of Aischylus-... 253). sce 456 
Death of Themistocles............ 449 
Death of Phidias. “".7.532.) eee 432 
Peloponnesian War begins........ 431 
Death of Pericles; .. -i. 2a 429 


Plato,Greek Philosopher,born May. 429 


Death of Herodotus....:........ 424 
Athenian expedition to Syracuse.. 415 
Death of Sophocles.............. 406 
Death of Alcibiades 22) ae, wee wee 404 
Retreat of the Ten Thousand..... 401 
Death of Thucydidesssi2. peace 401 
Death of Socrates!<) 4300s a eee 399 
Rome sacked by Gauls under Bren- 

NUS. ¥/s ven eel ets ae 390 
Rome taken by the Gauls........ 385 
Aristotle, Greek Philosopher, born. 384 
Death of Aristophanes........... 380 
Death of Hippocrates............ 377 
Death of Xenophon,............. 357 


BiG: 
Temple of Diana at Ephesus burned 356 


SEMEL OL PIAtGe ase ee ke ches ah) 347 
Accession of Alexander, Grecian 
BD eee a Pree cee ree July, 336 
Alexander’s conquest of Egypt.... 332 
Darius defeated by Alexander..... 331 
Defeat of Porus by Alexander..... 326 
fpeatn Of Alexander...........0.... 323 
feeath of Diogenes. .......0.0... 323 
Death of Demosthenes........... 322 
ment Of Aristotle......504 640s 6. 322 


EE Ri October 1, 312 
Alexandrian Library founded..... 283 
Italy invaded by Pyrrhus......... 281 
IO CUO S214 ow 6 wn 4 sc 270 
First Punic War begins........... 264 
First war of Romeagainst Carthage 264 
Quintus Fabius Maximus dictator. 221 
Land Surveying first used........ 219 

A.D. 
Defeat of Varus by Arminius..... 9 
Accession of Tiberius Cesar...... 14 
BPTRIEC LEN Vickey 8,6 fs asic sya we Oe 17 
TEI VIC Cc .c sco koa ce 6 os 17 


ceceeree 


Friday, April 3, 33 


Josephus, Jewish Historian, born.. 37 
peor jewish War........5.,.... 35 
Roman conquest of South Britain. 43 
ConversionofSt.Paulat Damascus 46 
Caratacus captured and sent to 

IN BP oes chs oa, os 51 
Suetonius Paulinus occupied Angle- 

ol RST A Sa 59 
British revolt under Boadicea..... 61 
Buddhism introduced into China... 67 
Jerusalem destroyed by Titus..... 70 
Destruction of Pompeii and Hercu- 

PITRE ee Niaes Moe py sod ees 6s 79 
Foundation of Eboracum (York).. 79 

_ Agricola’s Campaignin Caledonia.. 82 
Weath of Josephus,.............. 96? 
Hadrian’s Wall built, Tyne to Sol- 

MUM oh BS ky hy oe die Caen 120 
Beeston Plitarch..:..50.....6-8. 120 
MMEOCTACItUS. .....5....0050. 135 
Wall of Pius built, Forth to Clyde. 140 
Ee ee pales oo 214 
Emperor Valerian captured at 

NN a vse owe us 260 
Emperor Claudius defeated Goths 

1S a re 269 
Constantine converted to Chris- 

OG 313 


B.C, 
Second war of Rome against Carth- 

AIC B dS Pal oukiye Meath ys a ele a 219 
Hannibal defeats Romans........ 216 
Death of Archimedes............ 212 
Books with back and leaves...... 198 
Ptolemy’s Geography published... 159 
Wratten GLlOCHS iti ts akie oee Sebi 155 
Carthage destroyed by Romans... 146 
Death op Polybiuss2 ar eee es 123 
Roman conquest of Gaul......... 80 
Cesar invaded Britain....,...... wh) 
Cesardefeated PompeyatPharsalia 48 
Julius Cesar slain........ March 15, 44 
Deati Or. Cicero asc ie oy blanc ele 43 
Defeat of Anthony at Actium..... 31 
Accession of Augustus Cesar...... Zi 
DeatnieteV eryiiten ss he eck os). 3 19 
Deatoteriormicer.,- we.ke es aaciies 8 
The Nativity—Jesus born in Bethle- 

FOI aera renee wee foes trvidics aese oth 6? 

A.D. 

Council of Nicea and Nicene Creed 323 

Death OTsATUSi.d hays neat ene dee 326 
Constantinople founded at Byzan- 

TAIN a Sees eee Cate e 328 


Christianity introducedinto Britain 350 
Division of Roman Empire by Va- 


TEN TIIATIN IE he nec te eh ae ee 364 
Romans abandon Britain......... 410 
Capture of Rome by Visigoths 

CATATIC) een cutie eas. ad eae 410 
Anglo-Saxon raids into Britain.... 430 
St. Patrick landedin Ireland...... 432 
Carthage captured by Vandals... 439 
Attila defeated by Aetius......... 451 
Rome sacked by the Vandals...... 455 


End of Reign, Romulus Augustulus 
August 22, 476 
Theodoric (Ostrogoth) became King 


Of [ia ly ere oe Oh Pe Pee Glan 493 
Welsh defeated Saxons at Mt. Ba- 

CON Rey sete esha oth wisebonn aa 500 
Justinian, Emperor, decrees Bishop 

of Rome the headship of all the 

Churebes) ete: a7 4. 20 eae March, 533 
Scythian invasion of India........ 544 
Italy reconquered by Justinian.... 553 
North Italy conquered by Lom- 

DATdS 5 ees cues aks beet tes 565 
Mohammed born?: J... vee $70? 


Saxons defeated Welsh at Deorham 577 
Block-printing invented by Chinese 593 
St. Augustinelandedin England... 596 
Phocas, East Roman Emperor, de- 


creed Boniface III., the headship 


of all the Churches, etc......... 607 
Anglo-Saxons defeated Welsh at 

CHEStern HS, 3h se ee ee ts 613 
Persian conquest of Egypt........ 616 
The Hegira,or Flightof Mohammed 622 
Mohammed died........... June 8, 632 
Syria conquered by Omar........ 634 
Jerusalem captured by Saracens... 637 
Alexandrian Library burned...... 640 
Othman became Caliph.......... 643 
Saracen conquest of North Africa. 650 
Vitalian enjoins exclusive use of 

Latin.in Church Services....... 663 
The Laws of Ine promulgated..... 693 
The Saracens in Europe.......... 713 
Charles Martel defeats the Saracens 

Ati Guts cistern dee ae 132 
Death of Bede, Anglo-Saxon Chron- 

SOLSITCE Yd oe ania eee anaes 735 
Death of Charles Martel.......... 741 
Moorish kingdom in Spain founded 756 
Offa’s Dyke built, Dee to Wye.... 778 
Daneslandin England. . «. /. 2% . 787 
Charlemagne became Emperor of 

EHOW OSb.4. os suc ce eee ee hte 800 
Egbert became King of Wessex... 802 


Egbert, first King of England, 
October 14, 827 


Danish invasions of England...... 866 
Alfred’s treaty with Guthrum the 
DANG Ui GAs deere a ath cae aaa 878 


Rolf the Northmaninvaded France 912 
Algiers founded by Mohammedan 


Araisy oan Po trerat win. bee 935 
Otto I., of Germany, Western Em- 

petor vei seiees BN doP, ete BSP 962 
Cairo founded by the Saracens.... 969 
Renewal of Danish invasions..... 982 


First payment of Gafol (Danegeld) 991 


Arabic Numerals introduced in 
Europes feb. wae. seit at aa aces 991 
Pendulum Clock cn ee. ed about 1000 
Viking voyages to North America.. 1000 
Norway conquered by Danes..... 1000 
Canterbury sacked by Danes..... 1011 


Scandinavians defeated at Clontarf 1014 
Lothians conquered by Scots...... 1018 
King Duncan murdered by Mac- 


LGLH, cus a e'n od ee Ae ee ee 1057 
Westminster Abbey dedicated..... 1065 
Battle of Senlac, commonly called 

FInsting ss. a ee ane oe, ah ae - 1066 
The Norman Conquest of England 1066 
Domesday Book completed ...... 1086 


32 


A.D. 
The Crusades began. iu. 76300), ae: 1096 
Jerusalem recaptured, First Cru- 

BACG) os, skola aaa July 15, 1099. 
Chinese Paper Money issued, about 1100 
The Second Crusade............. 1147 
Saladin became Sultan of Egypt... 1169 
Ireland conquered by HenryII.... 1172 
Saladin captured Jerusalem...... 1187 
ihe Third. Crusades | Jin ab ena 1189 
Death of Frederick Barbarossa.... 1190 
he Fourth. Crusades riz. 5 ee 1202 


The Fifth (Children’s) Crusade... 
Peking captured by Jenghiz Khan.. 1214 
King John granted Magna Carta 
June 15, 1215 
Mongol invasion of India...... me) 
Sixth Crusade and capture of 


Jerusalem os Slee tee eee eee 1228 
Mongolian conquest of Russia.... 1240 
Jerusalem captured by Mongols... 1244 
Seventh Crusade. 3..532 ee 1248 
Oxford University founded....... 1249 
Mameluke conquest of Egypt.... 1250 


Bagdad destroyed by Hulagu Khan 1258 
Assembly of Knights and Burgesses 

of England (the ‘‘Mad Parlia- 
1258 
Constantinople retaken by Greeks. 1261 
First Representative Parliament in 
1265 
Papal Dominion at its height. . .. 1267-8 


Eighth and last Crusade.......... 1270 
Travels of Marco Polo........... 1271 
Cambridge University founded.... 1284 
Death of Roger Bacon........... 1293 
First regular English Parliament.. 1294 
Inca rule established in Peru...... 1300 
Removal of Papacy to Avignon... 1305 


Parliament becomes a Legislative 
Power, with assent essential to 
the constitution oflaws......... 


Death of Duns Scotus...........- 1308 


Knights Templar Orderbroken up. 1312 _ 


Gunpowder invented by Michael | 
Schwartz, a monk, at Goslar, 


Germany ..x+3 sks et oieele ee 
Death of Dante. 3. faie cnet ae Re 1321 
Death of Marco Polo............ 1324 
Battle of Crégyuc i veces cue 1346 
Plague in Europe............-. 1347-49 
Jacquerie movement in France.... 1348 


eS Se 


Wyclif and the English Reforma- 

Be hs oo. sneha y ORR 1369 
Prenton Petrarch. oo.o0) ants fete 1374 
PIPACIMOL OCCACCIO. sty cues lees: 1375 
Return of Papacy to Rome....... 1377 
Popes at Rome and at Avignon... 1378 


Wat Tyler’s Rebellion in England. 1381 
Death of Wyclif 1384 


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Tamurlane captured Delhi........ 1398 
Aztec rule established in Mexico.. 1400 
Death of Geoffrey Chaucer....... 1400 


Dawn of the Renaissance in Italy. 1410 
University of St. Andrews founded 1411 
Battle of Agincourt... .October 25, 1415 
Huss Burnt at Constance 1415 
Martyrdom of Joan d’Arc. May 30, 1431 
Printing with single types done by 
Coster, at Haarlem, Holland.... 1438 
Cape Verde discovered by Portu- 


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Books printed at Haarlem 
University of Glasgow founded.... 
Cut metal types invented by Gu- 

tenberg, at Mainz, Germany1450-1455 
Fall of Constantinople 1453 
End of Eastern Empire...May 29, 1455 
Wars of the Roses began 1455 
The Bible printed at Mainz 
Death of Gutenberg 
Caxton set up his printing-press. . 
Diaz sailed round Cape of Good 


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Columbus discovered America, 
October 12, 1492 
Vasco da Gama’s voyagetoIndia.. 1492 
University of Aberdeen founded... 1494 
Summit Turkish Power [Solyman 
the Magnificent] 1495-1566 
Cabot discovered east coast of Can- 


eR AEE ee June 24, 1497 
Mearh or pavOtlarola, .... 5.5. /. 5 6". 1498 
Independence of Switzerland estab- 

Re Ot ete eo ore eel Wa ee o's 1499 


Ojeda discovered Venezuela 
Portuguese landed in Brazil 
Death of Bartholomew Diaz 


oeoer eee 
eee eee 


1500 


Peanevire-arms)...;... 00 22% about 1501 
fedimorColumbus.......0..%.. 4 1506 
Death of Amerigo Vespucci....... 1512 


Pacific Ocean sighted by Balboa.. 1513 
Martin Luther at Wittenberg..... 1517 
The Reformation began in Ger- 
ER eS 9 DE aa ar a Oe 1517 
Voyage of Magellan............. 1519 


Cortez began conquest of Mexico.. 1519 


33 


A.D. 
UICALIY OLIRALLACLOL ae # nts x be ea 1520 
Belgrade captured by Turks...... 1521 
TSU OL VY OLiTio tas fo U's! deicd. cto. 1521 
Death offMavellan i... bbe. 1521 
Death of Vasco da Gama......... 1524 


Mogul Empire established at Delhi 1525 


Rome sacked by the Germans..... 1527 
Dest Grwmachiavellt, 3.05.2) fa4 1527 
Death of Albert) Ditrer.... 62.0... 1529 
Vienna besieged by the Turks..... 1529 
Conquest of Peru by Pizarro...... 1530 
Death of Cardinal Wolsey........ 1530 


Cartier discovered St. Lawrence 1534 


Luther’s Translation of Bible..... 1534 
Buenos Aires founded............ 1535 
The first English Bible printed.... 1535 


Loyola founded the Jesuit order.. 1539 
Monasteries were closedin England 1539 
Orellana sailed down the Amazon.. 1540 
Valdivia’s conquest of Chile 1541 
Death of Copernicus 1543 
Blasco de Garay operated first 


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steamer, Barcelona harbor...... 1543 
Counerloll rentinnns See. tek 8 1545 
Death of Martin Luther......... 1546 
Willoughby discovered Nova 

WEMIDIACM akon RLU rite ete ees 1553 


Ridley and Latimer burnt at Oxford 1555 
Cranmer burnt at Oxford 1556 
Elizabeth became Queen, Nov. 17. 1558 


+ 5 a 6 ew a © 


Calais recaptured by France...... 1558 
Birth of Shakespeare............ 1564 
Wearmorrohn Calyinese oy. ye. 1564 
Death of Michelangelo... ....... 1564 


Revolt of the Netherlands began.. 1565 


St. Augustine, Florida, settled..... 1565 
Turkish conquest of Egypt....... 1567 
Mercator’s Map published........ 1569 
St. Bartholomew Massacre. Aug. 24, 1572 
Death Gotoh Knoxi. wed seo one 1572 
Death ofr iitians ys s)s5 ian ease oe 1576 
Spanish conquest of Ceuta........ 1580 
Death or Camoens sis. fir. oe oe 1580 
University of Edinburgh founded.. 1582 
Raleigh’s expedition to Virginia... 1583 
Spanish Armada destroyed....... 1588 


The English Mercurie, first English 


PAPER ISS 1c eee July 23, 1588 
Stocking frame invented......... 1589 
Jesuits expelled from Japan....... 1590 
Trinity College Dublin founded.... 1591 


Potatoes introduced into England. 1592 


Death Ol ascotee vio es kane ae ee 1595 
Death of Sir Francis Drake....... 1598 
Death of Edmund Spenser....... 1599 


A.D. 
East India Company founded..... 1600 
Netherlands East India Company. 1602 


Union of England and Scotland... 1603 
Cape captured by Netherlands.... 1603 
Death Of DOCiIEs saith o eee 1604 
The Virginia Company founded... 1606 
Jamestown, Virginia, settled...... 1607 
Champlain founded Quebec....... 1608 
Hudson River first explored....... 1609 


Independence of the Netherlands.. 1609 
Moors driven out of Spain........ 1610 
Death of Henri IV., of France.... 1610 
Champlain entered Lake Ontario... 1615 
Death of Cervantes.............. 1616 
Shakespeare died......... April 23, 1616 
Thirty Years’ War began........ 1618 
First Representative American Leg- 
gislative Assembly, Jamestown, 
Wirkiniava pete. oe Te July 30, 1619 
Slavery introduced in America 
[Wareinia] sce ?.y.e4 ta ee cee eee 
Puritans land on Plymouth Rock 
December 11, 1620 
Nova Scotia settled by Scotsmen.. 1622 


Death of Thomas Baffin......... 1622 

Manhattan Island settled........ AG23 

Submarine rowboat invented by 
Comelis van) Debel Aten 1624 


Barometer and Thermometerinv’d. 1627 
John Bunyan, Pilgrim’s Prog- 
TESS ee Ee hoe eee 1628-1688 


Prancetee. sar aioe be ee 1632 
Maryland settled by Roman Catho- 

Lies Ay ee eaid ota eaiseae Cie 1634 
Harvard College founded......... 1636 
Rhode Island settled by Roger 

Williams ere des eds 1636 


First printing in America. ‘‘Free- 
man’s Oath, and An Almanac.” 1639 
Cromwell’s Long Parliament as- 


sembled jalGc Beerecee et eee 1640 
Lake Erie discovered by Brebeuf 

and Chaumont,. 9. ue eee 1640 
English Revolution begins........ 1642 
Colonies of Connecticut, New Ha- 

ven, New Plymouth and Massa- 

chusetts (including New Hamp- 

shire) form the New England 

Contederation g's eten. seas 1642 


Charles I. beheaded... . January 30, 1649 
Cromwell became Lord Protector... 1653 
Restoration of the Stuarts........ 1660 


St. Petersburg founded by Peter 
the Great.) Vv, aes as eee 
New York conquered from the 


The great plagueof London....... 
The great fire of London began 

September 2, 1666 

Hudson Bay Company chartered.. 1670 

Roman Catholics excluded from 

English Parliament............ 

Habeas Corpus Act passed in Eng- 


1682 
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes 1685 
James IT. abdicated. . December 11, 1688 
Irish Parliament of James II., at 


Dublin’) 50. U <p 1689 
Battle of the Boyne: .......: 20.2208 1690 
First newspaper in America at Bos- 

fon 1p si Se bbs eee 1690 
St. John’s College, Annapolis, Md., 

founded )...2/. (24%). vay een ee 1696 


Gibraltar taken by the English.... 1704 
First Parliament of Great Britain. 1707 
Peace of Utrecht........ April 11, 1713 


Accession of House of Hanover... 1714 
First Jacobite Rebellion in Great 
Britain. Aish oi ee ee 1715 
Snow fell 10 to 20 feet deep in New 
England: 2.4". February 20-24, 1717 
South Sea Bubble. if 28) saree 1720 
Paine, Infidel Writer.........1737-1809 - 
Second Jacobite Rebellion in Great 
Britain...) 225% tah, oe ae 1745 


Battle of Fontenoy...... April 30, 1745 
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 

Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 

York, Pennsylvania, and Mary- 

land held a convention at Albany 

to consider a Colonial Confed- 

CTACY Seiten 2? ee June 19, 1754 
French and Indian War (U.S.) 1754-1763 
Imprisonment in Black Hole, Cal- 


cuttay.\ Ao eee June 20, 1756 
Canada taken from the French.... 1759. 
Pontiac's Conspiracy... so. see 1763 


Stamp Act enacted by Parliament 1765 

Declaration of Rights issued by the 
Stamp Act Congress held by New 
York, Rhode Island, Delaware, 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 


34 


A.D. 

Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland 
and South Carolina. ..October 7, 1765 
Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 
HR GAD Se a eh 1770 
Steam Engine perfected by Watt.. 1773 

Tea destroyed in Boston Harbor 

December 16, 1773 

First Continental Congress at Phila- 
delphia, September 5—October 26, 1774 
Accession of Pope Pius VI..Feb. 15, 1775 

First American Anti-Slavery So- 

ciety founded by Quakers at 
Philadelphia........ April 14, 1775 
Battle of Lexington...... April 19, 1775 

Second Continental Congress at 


ee ee ewe 


Philattelphiat ve... May 10, 1775 
Articles of Confederation agreed on 
by seoneresss., Say. .s May 20, 1775 


Declaration of Independence of 

Mecklenburg and North Carolina 1775 
Washington, Commander-in-Chief. 1775 
Battle of Bunker Hill..... June 17, 1775 
Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 
Tom Paine publishes ‘‘Common 


SUSE eda tthe ok Ooi Le oes 1776 
Rhode Island declared her inde- 
PEMCENCES hel. fhe ve stators May 4, 1776 


Battle of Fort Moultrie, Charles- 
ton, South’ Carolina..... June 28, 1776 
Battle of Long Island. . August 27, 1776 
Battle of Harlem Heights. .Sep. 16, 1776 
Nathan Hale hanged.....Sep. 22, 1776 
Washington crossed the Delaware 
So a ee December 8, 1776 
Third Continental Congress, Balti- 

more, Maryland... December 20, 1776 

Battle of Trenton, New Jersey 

December 25-26, 1776 
Vermont declaresindependence Jan. 1777 
Fourth Continental Congress, Phila- 
March 4, 1777 
Be cane April 12,1777 
Battle of Bennington, Vermont, 

August 16, 1777 

Stars and Stripes adopted, June 14, 1777 
Fifth Continental Congress met (for 

1 day), Lancaster, Pa...Sep. 27, 1777 
Sixth Continental Congress met, 

\ et Sigs PSI ae Sep. 30, 1777 
Burgoyne surrendered. .October 17, 1777 
Articles of Confederation adopted 

by Congress November 15, 1777 
Seventh Continental Congress met 

Philadelphia July 2, 1778 
. Wyoming Valley Massacre. . July 4, 1778 


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35 


A.D. 
Articles of Confederation signed by 
the States of Massachusetts, 
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Penn- 
sylvania, New York, Virginia and 
South Carolina, July 9th; North 
Carolina, July 21; Georgia, July 
Battl2 of Monmouth .. 
French fleet arrived in Narra- 
gansett Bay July 29, 1778 
Cherry Valley, N.Y., Massacre by 
Indians and Tories Nov. 10, 1778 
Articles of Confederation signed by 
New Jersey November 26, 1778 
Articles of Confederation signed by 
Delaware. . February 12—May 5, 1779 
Captain Cook killed. . February 14, 1779 
Long Island Sound frozen over... 1779 
Bank of Pennsylvania chartered 
(first in United States), March 1, 1780 
Massacre of Americans in Waxhaw, 
North Carolina, by British, 
May 29, 1780 
Major André captured, September 
25% hanged October 2 -.ive.k tS) 
Complete ratification of Articles of 
Confederation announced by 


wd) 1s fe eb Oe ee re 


soso eee 


Woneressi. yeaa key March 1, 1781 
Cornwallis surrendered at Yurk- 
TOW Tn ois ces 6 October 19, 1781 


Congress adopted great seal of 
United? States. S.00c... June 20, 
Preliminary peace articles between 
United States and Great Britain 
signed, at Paris; by this treaty 
the Newfoundland fisheries were 
regulated with the United 
States......;.....November 30, 1782 
Eighth Continental Congress met 
at Princeton, New Jersey, 
June 30, 1783 
Fiery Meteor passed over England 
August 18, 1783 
Peace with Great Britain, 
September 3, 1783 
Congress demobilized American 
Army. .October 18-November 3, 1783 
British evacuated New York, 
November 25, 1783 
Ninth Continental Congress met at 
Annapolis, Maryland...Nov. 26, 1783 
Washington delivered his farewell 
address at Fraunces’s Tavern, 
New York, December 4; resigned 
his army commission December 


23, and retired to Mount Vernon, 
Virginia ic es en ee eae presents 
Peace Treaty with Great Britain 
ratified by Congress. . January 14, 1784 
First daily paper in America, ‘‘Ad- 
vertiser,’’ issued at Philadelphia. 1784 
Tenth Continental Congress met at 
Trenton, New Jersey....Nov. 1, 1784 
Eleventh Continental Congress met 
at New York..... January 11, 1785 
Shay’s rebellion in Massachusetts 1786 
Constitution Adopted in Conven- 
APOULED cite cris September 17, 1787 
Fourteenth (last) Continental Con- 
gress met at New York, 
November 5, 1787—October 21, 1788 
First settlement in Australia, 
January 26, 1788 
French Revolution began, July 14, 1789 
First Presidential election... .Feb., 1789 


Bastile destroyed........ July 14, 1789 
United States Constituticn in effect 

in ratifying States..... March 4, 1789 
First United States Congress met 

at. NewYork... 0. en ADIL Gd on 
Washington first inaugurated Presi- 

Gents. Piss), conte ie April 30, 1879 
United States Supreme Court cre- 

Rte ihe Me chee September, 1789 


North Carolina ratified’ Constitu- 
fiona fos ee November 21, 1 roe 
Steamboat first on Delaware River. 1790 
Circular Saw invented...... before 1790 

Rhode Island ratifies Constitution, 
May 29, 1790 
King of Sweden shot by Ankerstrom 1792 
France proclaimed a Republic..... 1792 

First United States Mint estab- 
lishéd Ae yo cet geme sorts April 2, 1792 
First Canadian Legislature....... 1792 
Cotton Gin invented by Whitney. 1793 
Reign of Terror, France...... May, 1793 

Louis XVI. of France executed, 

January 21, 1793 
Vaccination discovered by Jenner. 1796 


The Irish Rebellion........ . 1798 
Lord Nelson defeated French fleet 
NEAT OV T ae re ea ne tee ee 1798 


Death of Washington, December 14, 1799 


Bonaparte declared first Consul... 1799 
Union of Great Britain and Ireland, 
January 1; first Parliament of 
United Kingdomit i: ost.0 oS. 1801 
Jacquard Loom invented......... 1801 
England and France renew War... 1803 


36 


A.D. 
Louisiana purchased from France. 1803 
First Steamboat on the Clyde.... 1803 
Napoleon Emperor of France, 

May 18, 1804 
Battle of Trafalgar; death of Nel- 

SONI Nhe se eee ee October 21, 1805 
Battle of Austerlitz. .. December 2, 1805 
British take Copenhagen......... 1807 
Robert E. Lee born... . January 19, 1807 
Fulton’s first steamboat voyage... 1807 
Second United States War with 

(steat Britaitry,.c. cde ae 
The French expedition to Moscow. 1812 
Perry’s victory on Lake Erie, 

September 10, 1813 
Printing machine invented........ 1814 
Scott’s ‘‘Waverley’”’ published..... 1814 
Bonaparte abdicated............. 1814 
British burned White House at 

Washineton. =u oe August 24, 1814 
Battle of Lake Champlain, Mac- 

donough’s Victory, September 11, 1814 
Treaty of Ghent..... December 24, 1814 
The ‘‘Hundred Days” 

March 20 to June 22, 1815 

Battle of Waterloo....... June 18, 1815 

Holy Alliance....... September 26, 1815 

Davy’s Safety Lamp invented.... 1815 

Battle of New Orleans. . January 8, 1815 
Bonaparte surrendered to British, 

July 16, 1815 

Work begun on Erie Canal. . July 4, 1817 
Imprisonment for debt, abolished 


at New York...... December 6, 1818 


Oersted discovered Electro-magne- 


tisme's)... 505. ee 1819 
First steamship crossed the Atlan- 
TiC, 5. Fs a5 el ee 1819 


Napoleon died at St. Helena. May 5, 1821 
Greeks proclaim Independence, 
January 27, 1822 


Faniine in Irelarid’\ 2. 21.4 oe 1822 
Monroe Doctrine declared........ 1823 
Steam Locomotive invented...... 1825 
Lead Pencils invented ........... 1827 


First passenger railroad in United 
WLAGES Lie cid eke ahemreie sie July 4, 1828 


War between Russia and Turkey 1828 


Catholics readmitted to Parliament 1828 


Welland Canal opened........... 1829 
Mormonism organized........... 1830 
Spoils System practised.......... 1830. 
Revolution in France.......... 1830-32 


London Bridge opened .. August 1, 1831 


1812 


lt tet i i ee es 


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a 


6 


er — 


A.D. 

Steamship ‘‘Royal William” crossed 
from Nova Scotia to England... 
Reaping Machine invented....... 
Slavery abolished in British Col- 
ARM coer t. tha cs toast e August 1, 1834 
Last lottery in England August 28, 1834 


1833 
1834 


Morse invented telegraph......... 1835 

Seminole War in Florida began.... 1835 

Great fire in New York City; 674 
Duidmys burned: 2.44 2 <n sehe 1835 


Great fire at Charleston, South 
Carolina; 1,158 buildings burned 1838 


Photography invented........... 1839 
Earthquake at Martinique [700 
CUIGEE Skee fapkiee ea RO fe a Sieh acelin 1839 


Upper and Lower Canada united, 

February 10, 1841 

Fire at Hamburg, Germany; de- 

stroyed 1, 992 buildings........ 

San Domingo earthquake......... 
First telegraph line in United States: 

Washington to Baltimore....... 

Mohammedan Edict of Toleration, 
March 21, 1844 


eee ANNES OCB: kw eerie. aiaty feely sn <6 1845 
Fire destroyed 1,000 buildings at 
AGUS OUPS eu. eee eer ws Sas 1845 
Fire destroyed 1,300 buildings at 
Peowe: YOr kn Gaby, Jota 7 oe ola oes 1845 
The Irish Potato-famine ... ... 1846 


British Corn Laws repealed. June 26, 1846 
Sewing Machine completed by 


War with Mexico began.......... 1846 
Battle of Chapultepec.....Sep. 13, 1847 
Treaty signed with Mexico....... 1847 
(igvosidna) Vogel hi sles: 
Washington Monument at Wash- 

ington, D. C., begun... .July 4, 1848 
Fire destroyed 3,000 buildings at 

Constannnameee ats. 200k sens 1848 
Gold discoveredin California, Sept., 1848 
Fugitive Slave Act, September 19, 1850 
Clayton-Bulwer treaty between 

United States and Britain....... 1850 
Gold discovered in Australia, Feb 12, 1851 
Fire destroyed 2,500 buildings at 


pee SAISON 2 ce) Se oe oppo as 1851 
First International Exhibition..... 1851 
Louis Napoleon became Emperor 

SR OTIOB IA, hes i 8 aha o's wa 3 Shes 1852 
Crimean War declared..... March, 1854 
Japan opened to commerce by Com- 

MIOIORA SE CTEY vs ou boos pete fae 1854 


Sebastopol falls, Crimean War ends, 1855 


A.D. 
The Dred Scott decision.......... 1857 
Indian Mutiny and War.......... 1857 


First Atlantic Cable begun to be 
laid from Valentia, Ireland, 
August 5, 1857 
First message across the Atlantic 
AES Rete Stains n'a Cal Sa! August 5, 1858 


Earthquake destroys Corinth..... 1858 

John Brown’s raid in Virginia..... 1859 

Prince of Wales visited United 
ey UN a Oh AS 1860 


South Carolina seceded ...Dec. 20, 1860 
Southern Confederacy formed, 
February 4, 1861 
Emancipation of Russian Serfs, 
March 3, 1861 
Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, 
March 17, 1861 
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, 
April 12, 1861 
Battle of Bull Run........ July 21, 1861 
Battle of Antietam. .September 17, 1862 
Emancipation Proclamation. Jan. 1, 1863 
Battle of Gettysburg...July 1-3, 1863 


‘Draft riots at New York City 


July 13-16, 1863 
Battle of Chickamauga. Sep. 19-20, 1863 
Battle of Wilderness......... May, 1864 


1864 
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appo- 
mattox Court House, Virginia, 
April 9, 1865 
President Lincoln assassinated, 
April 14, 1865 
Fire destroyed center of Portland, 
Maine, and made 2,000 homeless, 
July 4, 1866 
Fenians invaded Canada......... 1866 
Second Atlantic Cable laid. ..July, 1866 
Fire at Quebec, Canada, destroyed 
2,500 buildings...... October 13, 1866 
Maximilian of Mexico, executed... 1867 
The Dominion of Canada estab- 
1867 
President Andrew Johnson im- 
peached, tried, and acquitted... 
Queen Isabella flees from Spain, 
September 30, 1868 
Pacific Railroad completed, May 10, 1869 
Irish Church disestablished. July 26, 1871 
Black Friday [Wall Street] .Sep. 24, 1869 
Air Brake (Railway) invented.... 1869 
Suez Canal opened. .November 17, 1869 
Irish Land Act passed......... 1870 


1868 


A.D. 
Decree of Papal Infallibility, 
July 18, 1870 
Franco-Prussian War declared, 
July 19, 1870 
Victor Emmanuel enters Rome, 
September 20, 1870 
Fire in Chicago destroyed 18,000 
buildings October 8-11, 1871 
William of Prussia, Emperor of 
Germany January 18, 1871 
Eruption of MountVesuvius,Apr.26, 1872 
The great fire in Boston, 748 build- 
ings destroyed November 9, 1872 
Republic in Spain February,.1873 
Temperance Crusade, Hillsboro, 
shkence ie vereesabbeted December 24, 1873 
Fire at Chicago destroyed over 60 


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John P. Holland built first pro- 
peller-driven submarine........ 
Centennial Exposition at Phila- 
Jarrett and Palmer train, New York 
to San Francisco, left Jersey City, 
May 31; arrived at San Francisco, 
June 4; time of journey, 83 hours, 
SA mintites. whee Con shes en 
Hallett’s Reef (Hell Gate) blown 
September 2, 1876 

Russia declares War on Turkey 
April 24, 1877 

Fire swept over 600 acres of City 

of St. John, N. B., 100 lives lost 
June 20, 1877 
1878 


Electric Light invented 
Paris Exposition tetiun ns ee eae 
Elevated railroad opened in New 
his Sota ies SARL A a April 30, 1878 
Berlin Congress 1878 
English massacre at Cabul.Sep. 4, 1879 
Irish: troubles 4st eee ee 1880 
War.in Afghanistan... ...0'0. oe. 
Sixth Congress (2nd session) meets 
(for first time) at Washington 
November 17,1880 
East River frozen over, so that 
people crossed 1881 
Alexander IT assassinated .Mch. 13, 1881 
President Garfield shot, July 2; . 
September 19, 1881 
Fire destroyed most of Kingston, 
Jamaica December 11, 1882 
Tuberculosis germ discovered by 
Drs KRoehisies tena) ane cies 1882 
Brooklyn Bridge opened. .May 24, 1883 


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38 


War in the Sudan 1883-4 
Bartholdi’s Statue of Liberty, pre- 
sented to United States at 
July 4, 1884 
First electric street railway in 
United States at Baltimore, 
daticong Cara September 1, 1885 
Hell Gate rocks blown up. . Oct. 10, 1885 
Earthquake at Charleston, South 
Carolina ws. + eevee ae August 31, 1886 
Statue of Liberty on Bedloe’s Is- 
land unveiled October 28, 1886 
Phonograph perfected 1888 
Slavery abolished in Brazil. May 13, 1888 
Great blizzard in eastern part of 
United States March 11-14, 1888 
Johnstown, Pa., flood..... May 31, 1889 
Republic proclaimed in Brazil 
November 15, 1889 
Anti-Lottery Act passed...Sep. 19, 1890 
World’s Fair at Chicago 1893 
Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii de- 
January 16, 1893 


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sie 46 ooh ge aa 1894 
Hawaii made a Republic. July 4, 1894 
First gasoline vehicle in operation 
July 4, 1894 
Battle of Yalu September 17, 1894 
Captain Dreyfus degraded. Dec. 23, 1894 
Roentgen Rays discovered byW.K. 
Roentgen, a German physicist.. 1895 
Cuban Revolution began. . Feb. 20, 1895 
“Greater New York’’ bill signed, 
May 11, 1896 
War between Turkey and Greece. 1897 — 
United States Battleship ‘‘Maine’’ 
blown up in harbor of Havana, 
February 15, 1898 
War between Spain and United 
States April 21, 1898 
Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet 
in Manila Bay May 1, 1898 
Battles of San Juan and El Caney 
July 1-3, 1898 
Battle of Santiago de Cuba. July 3, 1898 
“Holland No. 9,” first successful 
motor-driven submarine 
launched.) /S..a tant oe Lae 
Peace protocol signed between the 
United States and Spain..Aug. 12, 1898 
Battle of Omdurman.September 2, 1898 
Peace treaty signed by American 
and Spanish delegates at Paris 
December 10, 1898 


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Universal Peace Conference 
The South African War began... 
Philippine-American War began, 

February 4, 


eeeoer ero eer eee eereee 


Paris Exposition 
Boxer Insurrection in China 


The Galveston Tornado...Sep. 8, 
Death of Queen Victoria..Jan. 22, 
Aguinaldo captured by General 
Funston March 23, 
Pan-American Exposition, 
May 1-November 2, 
Fire at Jacksonville, Florida, caused 
$11,000,000 damage May 3, 
President McKinley assassinated, 
September 6, 
Marconi signalled the letter “S” 
across the Atlantic by Wireless, 
December 12, 
Wireless message first from Eng- 
land to Newfoundland by Mar- 
coni December, 
Martinique destroyed by volcano. 
Cuban Republic inaugurated, 
May 20, 
Edward VIII., crowned King of 
Great Britain August 9, 
Kishinef massacre 
Republic of Panama established... 
Alaska boundary treaty 
Cable between United States and 
the Philippines completed 
Fire kills 602 at Iroquois Theatre. 
inicavO 2) .an sco. December 30, 
The Great Fire in Baltimore, 2,500 
buildings destroyed..February 7, 
The Russo-Japanese War began.. 
St. Louis Exposition opened, hy 


Apr. 
Steamboat “General Slocum” 
burned; 1,021 lives lost, June 15, 
New York subway opened, Oct. 27, 
Battle of Mukden, 
February 20-March 15, 
Battle of Sea of Japan, May 27-28, 
Norway dissolved union with 
Sweden 
Captain Dreyfus restored to rank, 
July 12, 
Eruption of Vesuvius..April 5-12, 
San Francisco earthquake and 


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conflagration; over 500 lives 
pe AS ae ede ee April 18-19, 
Great Earthquake in Southern 
TI Rataite ks cles oh hiss hee 
Dr. F. A. Cook claimed to have 
discovered the North Pole 

April 21, 


R. E. Peary, U. S. N., discovered 
North Pole April 6, 
Hudson-Fulton Celebration, New 
York, September-November.... 
Republic of Portugal established. 
Union of South Africa..May 31, 
War between Italy and Turkey 
Began . ses a ba ere ee 


39 


Postal Banks established in United 
States January 3, 
President Diaz of Mexico resigned 
The South Pole discovered by 
Capt. Roald Amundsen. . Dec. 14 
China proclaimed a Republic.... 
BalkanvevWatiperan .. s/s cle kes 
Steamship Titanic sunk, 
April 14-15, 
Floods in Ohio and Indiana, 
March 25-27, 
Peace Palace at Hague dedicated 
S. S. Empress of Ireland sunk, 
May 29, 
Great fire in Salem, Massachusetts, 
1,000 buildings destroyed, 
June 25, 
Archduke Francis of Austria, as- 
sassinated at Sarajevo.June 28, 
Austria declared war on Serbia, 
July 28, 
World War began August, 
Germany declared war on Russia 
August 1, 
Germany sent ultimatum to Bel- 
gium August 2, 
Germany declared war on France, 
August 3, 
For violation of Belgian neutrality, 
England declared war on Ger- 


, 


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MOU Vachs ce Sue ts August 4, 

France declared war on Austria, 

August 10, 

England declared war on Austria, 

August 12, 

Panama Canal opened.. August 15, 

Cape Cod Canal opened......... 
First British troops in France, 

August 16, 

Japan declared war on Germany, 

August 23, 


England declared war on Turkey, 
November 5, 
First Battle of Ypres, 
October 11-November 20, 
First German air-raid on England, 
December 24, 
Battle of the Dogger Bank, 
January 24, 
Battle of Neuve Chapelle, 
March 8-15, 
S. S. Lusitania sunk by German 
submarine, 1,179 lives lost, 


May 7, 
Second Battle of Ypres, 
April 22-May 24, 
Italy declared war on Austria, 
May 23, 
First Battle of the Argonne, 
June 26-July 4, 
Wireless communication estab- 
lished between Japan and United 


Stateswice.« couse ae July 27, 
Italy declared war on Turkey, 
August 20, 


Battle of Verdun, Feb. 21-Aug. 3, 
Germany declared war on Portu- 
gal March 9, 
Battle of Jutland..May 31-June 1, 
Black Tom Dock explosion in 
New York Harbor....July 30, 
Roumania declared war on Austria, 
August 28, 

Czar Nicholas of Russia abdicated, 


Cm, 0) 66, 0 0b sets. Bee) e 26 


March 15, 

United States declared war on 
Grerinarryss fe cirss ic are sis. April 6, 
Battle of Arras. ... 2... April 9-14, 


First United States troops arrived 
in France June 25, 
China declared war on Germany 
and Austro-Hungary..Aug. 14, 
Russian Republic declared, 
September 15, 
Halifax harbor explosion, over 
1,200 lives lost....December 6, 
United States declared war on 
Austria December 7, 
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 
March. 3, 
Second Battle of the Somme, 
March 21-April 5, 
Battle of the Lys April 9-29, 
Treaty of Bucharest...... May 7, 
Battle of Belleau Wood. June 6-27, 
Second Battle of the Marne, 
July 15-August 4, 
Ex-Czar Nicholas of Russia shot 
by Bolshevik orders....July 16, 
Second Battle of Amiens, 
August 8-12, 
Battle of Bapaume, August 21-31, 
Battle of St. Miuhiel, 
September 12-13, 
Battle of the Meuse and Argonne, 
September 26-29, 
Second Battle of Cambrai, 
September 26-October 5, 
Battle of Flanders, 
September 28-October 22, 
Battle of St. Quentin, 
September 28-October 5, 
Battle of the Argonne, 
September 28-October 18, 
Final Allied drive, November 1-11, 
Armistice in World War signed, 
November 11, 
Peace Conference opens informally 
at Paris, January 12; formally, 
January 18, 
Treaty between Allies and Ger- 
many signed at Versailles, 
June 28, 
Treaty rejected by United States 
Senate November 19, 
Three United States seaplanes left 
Trepassy, Newfoundland, May 
16; one, the NC4, arrived at 
Plymouth, England....May 31, 


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A. D. 
1916 


1916 
1916 


1916 
1916 
1917 


1917 
1917 


1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1918 


1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 


1918 


1918. 


1918 
1918 


1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 


1918 
1918 


1918 


1919 


1919 


1919 


1919 


40 


John Alcock and A. W. Brown 
made a non-stop air flight from 
Newfoundland to Ireland, 

June 14-15, 

British dirigible balloon R-34 left 
Scotland, July 2, landed at Mine- 
ola, Long Island, July 6; left 
for England, July 10, arrived, 

July 13, 

United States transcontinental air 
flight won by Lieutenant W. B. 
Maynard and Lieutenant Alex- 
ander Pearson....October 8-18, 

Air-plane service between New 
York and Chicago begun July 1, 

Race-riot at Chicago, 31 killed, 
500 injured ©... U2 ye See 

Boston police strike begun Sept. 9, 

Prohibition (Eighteenth Amend- 
ment) went into effect Jan. 16, 

Suffrage (Nineteenth Amendment) 
went into effect....August 26, 

Wall Street bomb explosion, 

September. 16, 

Sinn Feiners burned Custom 
House, Dublin May 25, 

President Harding signed resolu- 
tion of Congress declaring peace 
with Germany and Austria, 

July 2, 

Limitation-of-Armaments Confer- 
ence met at Washington, Nov., 

Dail Eireann ratified a treaty of 
peace with Britain...January 7, 

All Irish political prisoners freed, 

January 12, 

Irish Free State inaugurated, 

January 14, 

Permanent Court of International 

Justice convened in first session, 
January 30, 

Yap treaty between Japan and 
United States signed, Feb. 11, 

Pius XI crowned as papal suc- 
cessor to Benedict XV., Feb. 12, 

U. S. Army dirigible Roma ex- 
ploded, killing 34, February 21, 

Egypt became independent sov- 
ereign state February 28, 

Woman admitted as member of 
British House of Lords, first in 
History |.) --, owes pete March 2, 

Non-cooperation uprising in India 
suppressed 

Irish Free State ratified by Britain, 

March 31, 

Construction of Hudson Rier ve- 
hicular tunnel started, Mar. 31, 

Conference of Nations at Genoa, 

. April 10, 

Russo-German treaty....April 17, 

First transmission of picture by 
wireless, from Rome, Italy, to 
Bar Harbor, Maine.,..May 6, 


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1919 


1919 


1919 
1919 


1919 
1919 


1920 
1920 
1920 
1921 


1922 


British explorers of Mt. Everest 
reached an altitude of 26,800 ft., 
May 21, 

360,000 railway shopmen in the 
United States struck, 

July 1,-Sept. 29, 

Chile and Peru designated Presi- 
dent of United States as arbi- 
trator on Tacna-Arica dispute, 

| July, 

Brazil centennial exhibition 
pened’ |, $6 ee September 7, 

Smyrna, after seizure by Turkey, 
destroyed by fire; 1,000 killed 

September 13, 

King Constantine of Greece abdi- 
Gated. 2st eesek.s September 27, 

Irish Free State constitution 
AGOD LPO co tuts cae October 25, 

Fascisti gained control of Italian 
government ........ October 30, 

Allied troops withdraw from 
Siberia October, 

Suwitan of Turkey dethroned, 

November 3, 


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Earthquake in Chile 
First woman senator in United 
States November, 
Union of Soviet Socialist Repub- 
lics formed December 30, 
French occupation of the Ruhr 
valley proclaimed, January 11, 
N. Y. Radio-broadcasting received 
in England January 14, 
Tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen opened, 
January, 
Radio-broadcasting of American 
news received and published in 
England February, 
iets OG. Welly and J. A. 
Macready made non-stop flight, 
Mineola, N. Y., to San Diego, 
(Calvan 2ouhre.. 0 min., 38 sc., 
May 2-3, 
Independence of Transjordania, 
May 26, 
British debt-funding plan signed, 
’ June 19, 
Lausanne treaty between Turkey 
and England, France, Greece, 
Italy, Japan and Roumania. 
July 24, 
Treaties evoked by the Limitation 
of Arms Conference signed by 
England, France, Italy, Japan 
and United States...August 17, 
Tornado in Hongkong Harbor, 
August 18, 
Earthquake, fire and tidal waves 
destroyed much of Tokio and 
Yokohama; over 200,000 known 
killed September 1, 


Fire at Berkeley, Calif., Sept. 17, 


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1923 


1923 


19235 


1923 
1923 


41 


Russia adopted Gregorian calen- 
dar 


Republic of Turkey established, 
October 29, 

German mark depreciated to 420 
billion to the dollar, November, 


By treaty of friendship and 
commerce, United States and 
Germany returned to prewar 
basis December 8, 

Lieuts. F. O. Rogers and H. D. 
Palmer made round-trip flight 
between Santo Domingo and 
San Francisco December, 


Laborites temporarily ascendant 
in England; J. R. MacDonald, 
premier Jan. 22-Nov. 5, 

Turkish Califate abolished, 

March 3, 

Three U. S. Army air-pianes 
started, two completed, round- 
the-world flight, 

March 16-Sept. 28, 

Shah of Persia deposed, March 23, 

Republic of Greece inaugurated, 

May 1, 

Allied military control of Ger- 
many resumed June, 

British explorers, G. L. Mallory 
and A. C. Ervine, perished dur- 
ing probable successful attempt 
to scale Mt. Everest...June 20, 

Daily air-plane mail between New 
York and San Francisco estab- 
lished July 1, 

Chinese floods drowned over 50,000. 

August 13, 

Dawes plan of German repara- 
tions in operation....Sept. 1, 

Dirigible “Shenandoah” made 
round trip Lakehurst to Seattle, 
9,000 miles October, 

German-built dirigible “Los An- 
geles” flew from Friedrichshafen 
to Lakehurst ...October 12-15, 

Albania proclaimed a republic, 

January 21, 

Solar eclipse in northeastern 
United States 2... January 24, 

Riff uprising against Spain and 
France 

Diphtheria epidemic at Nome 


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AV ETTCUSt ustedcon cst February 2, 
Earthquake in northeastern United 
Stateesn oa vce es February 28, 


As arbitrator, President Coolidge 
decreed a plebiscite to settle 
Tacna-Arica dispute; General 
J. J. Pershing appointed Com- 
missioner in charge..March 9, 


Flag of Judea unfurled at inaugu- 
ration of American-Palestine 
steamship line March 12, 


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1923 


1923 


1924 
1924 


1924 
1924 


1924 
1924 


1924 


1924 
1924 
1924 


1924 


1924 
1925 
1925 
1925 
1925 
1925 


1925 


1925 


Earthquake in China killed 6,500, 
; March 16, 


Disastrous cyclone in north-central 
United States March 18, 
Air-plane freight line, Detroit- 
Chicago, inaugurated ..Apr. 13, 
Bomb killed 200 in cathedral, 
Sofia, Bulgaria April 16, 
Rome celebrated 2,678th anniver- 
sary April 21, 
Paul von Hindenburg elected Presi- 
dent of Germany April 26, 
J. T. Scopes indicted and found 
guilty of violating Tennessee 
law by teaching evolution theory, 


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May-July, 
British Empire Exhibition at 
Wembley opened ...... May 9, 


Roald Amundsen made ineffective 
attempt to reach North Pole by 
air-plane 


Poison-gas in warfare banned by 
International Conference at 
Geneva 


Traffic in Arms treaty signed by 
32 members of League of Na- 
tions June 17, 

Earthquakes in northwestern 
United States June 28, 


Earthquake partly destroyed Santa 
Barbara. oliisie eee June 29, 


Disastrous fire at Glasgow, Scot- 
Laticlae ork ea kien bate aie Julye¥, 


Belgian debt-funding agreement 
SITU persis emo August 18, 


Anthracite-coal miners strike in 
Pennsylvania August 31 


Naval seaplane flew from San 
Francisco to within 200 miles of 
Honolulu; disappeared and lo- 
cated ten days later..Aug. 31, 


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A. D. 
1925 
1925 
1925 
1925 
1925 


1925 


1925 


1925 


1925 


1925 


1925 
1925 
1925 
1925 
1925 


1925 


1925 


42 


U. S. dirigible “Shenandoah” de- 
stroyed by squall over Ohio; 14 


kibled# itso dis coat September 3, 
Hats and surnames decreed in 
Parkeyl o.oo <.e eee ak September, 


Death penalty abolished in New 
South Wales September, 


Huge floods in Shantung Province, 
China September, 
Masonic lodges closed by Italian 
governmeiitatvaction +10. ose teas 


Military occupation of Ruhr valley 

completely suspended, October, 

Unprecedented rainfall in London, 

October, 

French troops shelled Damascus 
to curb uprising of Druses, 

October 27, 

Kajar dynasty deposed in Persia, 

October 31, 

Tariff autonomy granted to China, 

November. 3, 

Alliance of British trade-unions 

formed November 5, 

Locarno security treaties signed 

in London by Belgium, Czecho- 

slovakia, France, Germany, 

Great Britain, Italy and Poland 

December 1, 

Roumanian debt - funding plan 

adopted at Washington, Dec. 1, 


President Coolidge requested en- 
abling legislation to settle coal 
strike December 8, 

Metropolitan Museum of Art is 
bequeathed $25,000,000 in will of 
Frank A. Munsey, December 30, 

Disastrous floods in Europe, 

December 31, 

Crown Prince Carol of Roumania 
renounced succession to the 
throne December 31, 


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